History of perfumery Completed by a 1st year student of group W - 103 specialty 230115 “Programming in computer systems” Ruslan Valerievich Osipov Project manager Teacher L.A. Abdullaeva
Introduction Perfumery has taken so much control even on the psychological level of a person that a person, according to scientific research and even from personal experience without perfume, feels awkward and insecure, especially when communicating with an interlocutor. His freedom of speech, expression of thoughts and the lack of comfort of the entire environment in real time are deteriorating. The aroma of perfume makes a person much more confident in himself, this aroma makes a person happy, and allows a person to partially immerse himself in the world of weightlessness. Perfumery has conquered humanity so strongly, thereby piercing the vulnerable soul of a person, and leaving behind a considerable dependence.
Perfume in our world has become a rule of etiquette and hygiene, but has anyone thought about how and when it was formed? Perfumery partially gives a person control over himself, but at the same time, if there is a lack of it, it disrupts his mind. You will learn about this and much more from this presentation entitled: “History of Perfumery” 1 2 3
Ancient Egypt Many people believe that perfume comes from France, but this is far from true, all the roots go back much further and are more ancient. Although the word “perfume” is a French word, it is written in Latin as “perfumum” and had a meaning and translation as “for smoke”, but sometimes in literature, in the roots of these words, they give a literal translation as “through smoke”, this as I suppose to treat one moment from the history of the origin of spirits.
The development of perfume manufacturing technology began back in 2900 BC in Egypt, when burial rituals for the dead took place. Accordingly, you know that the ceremony took place under the name “mummification”. The Egyptians believed that the body and soul of the deceased would find peace then, and only then, when his body was walled up in a stone sarcophagus, and when this same sarcophagus was opened in the kingdom of the dead.
The Egyptians believed that while the deceased person was on earth, waiting for his burial, while they prepared everything for this, evil spirits could harm him, these could also be the deceased enemies of the deceased. They tried to protect the body, thereby putting the armor of a warrior on it, equipping it with everything necessary for use in battle, these were spears, swords, knives and daggers.
But they also had a difficult task to protect the soul of the deceased. They approached this very logically. During the ritual, the Egyptians lit a fire, after which, waiting for the fire to burn down to hot stones and coals, they threw all kinds of herbs and leaves on it, after which they received an unusual and unique smell of smoke. Over this smoke, they accordingly carried the body of the deceased until he was saturated with this smoke. So they protected the deceased body from evil spirits, giving it a fragrant protective shell. After some time, this modified ritual was given the name Per Fumum, which means “through the smoke.” Another name has been given to this method as "fumigation".
Development of perfumery It can be said that the use of simple but effective technology for producing a pleasant aroma, plus the belief of protection from evil spirits, has already begun to be widely used. In temples, in houses, in baths, which can even be found now (especially baths), the introduction of the use of this technology began as a standard for cleansing unpleasant odors
The ancient Egyptian priests can be called the first professional perfumers, since only they at that time knew the secrets of preparing aromatic compositions. The perfumes and cosmetics that Egyptian beauties used to enhance the impression of their beauty were, if not as refined as the drugs of modern fashionistas, then, in any case, just as numerous. The passion for incense and cosmetics in Ancient Egypt constantly increased and reached its highest point during the reign of Cleopatra. This queen used incense in huge quantities and was the author of many of them. In the eyes of sophisticated Egyptians, a disdainful attitude towards the aroma of her own body also looked like a manifestation of rudeness and barbarism.
Jews are the oldest of modern peoples, for a long time, being enslaved in a country of high civilization, such as Egypt of that era, adopted all the cultural achievements of their conquerors. Among the many arts they brought from Egypt to their country was the art of perfumery. In ancient Greece, along with aromatic resins used for sacrifices, oil-based perfumes with the scent various colors, among which the rose was in first place. Even the cynic Diogenes did not neglect incense and used it from time to time, although he considered a bath unnecessary. True, for reasons of economy, he applied incense to his feet, reasonably explaining: “When you anoint your head with perfume, the smell rises up, and only the birds enjoy it, but I rub my lower parts with it, and the smell, rising, envelops my body and reaches the nose." Those who prepared incense - and these were mostly women - were considered sorcerers by the ancient Greeks. The names of some generally recognized spirits were given in honor of their creators.
As you can see, perfumes that are familiar to us were formed in ancient times, from generation to generation, each civilization added its contribution to the development of these bottles, and so, this technology has reached the present day.
Analysis of the perfumery and cosmetics market In recent years, the production of mass-market perfumes has been increasing. Perfume and cosmetic products are produced abroad by over 500 firms and enterprises. However, more than half of the volume is concentrated in the 10 largest companies: LOreal (France), Prokter & Gamble (USA), Shiseido (Japan), Avon (USA), etc.
In the structure of the assortment of domestic perfumery and cosmetic products, the share of perfumery is small. These products are mainly produced by Novaya Zarya and Ural Gems. There are currently no prospects for increasing perfume production in Russia. On consumer preferences on Russian market perfumery is mainly influenced by price, fame and authority of the manufacturer of the product, as well as advertising.
Factors shaping the quality of perfumery products The main factors influencing the formation of the quality of perfumery products: 1. Creation and formulation of perfumery products; 2. Raw materials for the production of perfumes; 3.Technology for the preparation of perfume liquids; 4.Filling and packaging of perfumery products.
Creation and formulation of recipes The idea of creating new perfume products often arises under the influence of fashion, as well as new trends. To obtain the desired scent, the perfumer can use individual fragrances and essential oils, but can also combine base compositions. A perfume composition is a complex combination of various aromatic substances, composed of infusions and solutions of individual aromatic substances. Each name of a perfume product corresponds to a strictly defined formulation of a perfume liquid.
Raw materials for the production of perfumery General scheme for formulating a perfume liquid Perfume product Perfume liquid Dye Water Infusions of fragrant substances, odor fixatives, etc. Denatured alcohol Perfume composition Base composition Individual fragrant substances Infusions of fragrant substances Solutions of fragrant substances Solutions of fragrant substances Infusions of fragrant substances
Classification of fragrant substances by origin and type of product used in perfume production Fragrant substances Natural Synthetic Plant origin Animal origin Individual Fragrant substances Artificial essential oils Essential oils solutions infusions solutions infusions
Technology for preparing perfume liquids The technological process for preparing perfume products consists of the following operations: 1. Dosing of the components included in the recipe; 2. Mixing components; 3. Liquid settling; 4.Cooling; 5. Standing; 6.Filtration; 7.Filling and packing.
Consumer properties and quality indicators of perfumery products The quality of perfumery products is determined by the totality of their consumer properties. Functional: imparting smell; odor intensity; odor persistence, h; deodorizing capacity, h (for deodorants); fortress, %; sum of mass fractions of fragrant substances, %; transparency. Storability: shelf life.
Aesthetic: 1. Perfumes: appearance, color; character of the smell: harmony, originality, fashion. 2. Appearance bottle and packaging: expressiveness of design; originality. Ergonomic: psychophysiological effects; ease of use. Safety: pH value (for deodorants); Toxicological indicators: hazard class, chronic toxicity, skin irritation; Clinical indicators: irritant; sensitizing effect.
Quality indicators related to smell are the most important for perfumery. It is the nature of the smell, which has its own direction, the harmony and originality of the shades accompanying it, that determine the choice of product by the consumer. When assessing quality, the suitability of the scent to fashion is also taken into account. Thus, the quality of perfumery products, which includes safety, is determined by a complex of both objective and subjective indicators.
Classification and characteristics of the assortment of perfumery products Currently, there is no clear classification of the assortment of perfumes. Perfume products include the following types: - Perfumes and eau de toilettes - Colognes and fragrant waters - Deodorants and perfume deodorants
Classification of the assortment of perfumery products Classification signClassification grouping Name (type)Perfume Eau de parfum Toilet water Colognes Scented waters Deodorants QualityClass “Lux” Group “Extra” Regular quality Analogue perfumes CompletenessSeparate type Series Set Character of the smellFloral Fancy Neutral
Continuation of the table Gender and age of the consumer Women's Men's Unisex Children's Place of origin French Russian American, etc. Manufacturer: K. Dior" "Northern Lights" etc. Consistency Liquid Oily Creamy Waxy Solid Application method (for liquids) Without spraying Aerosol spraying Mechanical spraying
Features and materials used for packaging perfumery products The most important factors influencing the preservation of the quality of perfumery products include packaging and storage. Types of packaging from various materials: 1.Metal – tubes, aerosol cans; 2. Glass – bottles; 3. Polymer – bottles, tubes;
Basic requirements for packaging No interaction of the packaging material with the contents; No migration of packaging components into the contents; Creation of tightness during storage, transportation and use; Environmental friendliness; Economical. The requirements are standardized in GOST
Features of storing perfumery products The most important conditions are climatic and sanitary conditions, as well as placement. Climatic: temperature, relative humidity, air exchange, lighting. Sanitary and hygienic: cleanliness, biological contamination, microbiological contamination. Placement: protection from mechanical influences, commodity proximity, mechanization of work.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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The history of the appearance of French perfumes dates back to the 11th century. Then the crusaders brought jasmine and roses from Jerusalem to the south of France. And only in the 12th century, with the development of trade relations, perfumery fully came to Europe. Kings and courtiers discover the hygienic and seductive properties of perfume. Very quickly, Venice became the capital of perfumery, a center for the processing of spices from the East, which then came to France.
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By the 15th century, Grasse and Paris had become world-famous perfume centers. At this time, the etiquette of the French royal court ordered all courtiers to use cosmetics, aromatic oils and perfumes. In the 16th century, two professions merged - glover and perfumer, as perfumed gloves came into fashion. Later, the consumption of fragrances doubled to mask unpleasant odors.
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In the 16th century, the Italian Maurizio Frangipani came up with the idea of dissolving aromatic substances in pure wine alcohol. This moment can be considered the birth of perfumery, because... It became possible to create an infinite number of combinations. People have learned to store the aromas of fresh flowers, herbs, trees, resins and essences of animal origin in crystal bottles.
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The first revolution in the history of perfumery occurred when, after the Great French Revolution, the guild of glovers and perfumers split into two independent groups. In 1608, in Florence, in the monastery of Santa Maria Novella, the first perfume factory in the world appeared. The Dominican monks themselves become the manufacturers. Dukes and princes, the Pope himself, patronized them and made rich contributions to the monastery
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In 1709, in Cologne, the Frenchman Jean-Marie Farina, a spice trader, first put on sale fragrant water, named “Cologne water” in honor of the city. In 1709, he settled in Cologne and opened a perfume shop, where fragrant water first appeared. When he died in 1766, his sons opened an entire perfume factory. They prepared their water using the highest quality grape alcohol, which they imported from Italy. .
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However, water from Cologne (eau de Cologne) would have remained unknown to the world if Napoleon had not been seduced by this water and ordered it to be delivered from Germany. It was brought to France in the second half of the 18th century and since then began to spread under the French name eau de colon. It was Napoleon who created the first perfume and cosmetics company in 1804. The emperor was very sensitive to odors, he rinsed himself with cologne every day from head to toe and, wherever he was, he ordered pills with his favorite blackcurrant scent to be burned. In exile on the island of St. Helena, when the cologne ran out, the emperor came up with his own recipe for a scent with the addition of bergamot and called it eau de toilette. Since then, this term has become official.
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In 1828, Pierre François Pascal Guerlain opened his first perfume shop on the Rue de Rivoli in Paris. The Guerlain dynasty (five generations of perfumers) creates famous fragrances, including Jicky (1889), Mitsouko (1919), Shalimar (1925), then in the 19th century Jean Guerlain, François Coty and Ernest Daltroff (Caron) - the "fathers" of modern perfumery - put forward several fundamental theories in the science of creating odors. In the middle of the last century, perfume production ceased to be artisanal. Large perfume companies began to be created
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The next turning point in the history of perfumery occurred in the first decade of the 20th century, when couturiers decided to combine modeling and perfumery. In 1911, Paul Poiret was the first to come up with the idea of adding fragrances to clothing lines. The commercial logic of the idea was brought to completion by the great Gabrielle Chanel, who in 1921 released “synthetic” aldehyde perfumes with her own trademark Chanel No. 5. "
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The 30s were the heyday of “masculine” scents: fresh, sporty, with notes of leather and tobacco. A protest against the war was the perfume created by Marcel Rocha in 1944 in liberated France. He called them Femme.
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Three years later, Christian Dior, having created a feminine new look collection with flowing fabrics and flowing skirts, complements it with the Miss Dior fragrance. Later followed "Diorissima", "Diorella", "Diorissant" (1956, 1972, 1979). Three more discoveries took place in the 40s: Bandit Piguet appeared - a perfume with the scent of leather and fur, Vent vert with the smell of grass and leaves, which gave birth to a new direction of “green” perfumes, and the floral scent L "air du temps by Nina Ricci.
Perfumery is a collection of products used to pleasantly flavor something. Typically, perfumes are liquid solutions of odorous substances. Solvents can be alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, dipropylene glycol and other substances. Aromatic substances can be either natural or artificial. a set of products used to pleasantly flavor something. Typically, perfumes are liquid solutions of odorous substances. Solvents can be alcohol, a mixture of alcohol and water, dipropylene glycol and other substances. Aromatic substances can be either natural or artificial.
Perfume - perfumery, perfume (flavoring) agent, alcohol or alcohol-water solutions of mixtures of fragrant substances, perfume compositions and infusions. perfumery, perfume (flavoring) agent, alcohol or alcohol-water solutions of mixtures of fragrant substances, perfume compositions and infusions.
Of all perfumes, perfumes have the highest concentration of essential oils (from 15 to 30% or more), dissolved in almost pure alcohol (96%). Therefore, the durability of the scent of perfume is much higher than that of other perfumes (5 hours or more; for cotton fabric must be at least 30 hours).
Composition of perfume compositions To prepare perfume compositions, more than three hundred natural and synthetic aromatic substances obtained from plant, animal and chemical raw materials are used. On average, the composition includes from 15 to 60 or more different fragrant substances. Usually the composition makes up % of the mass of the perfume, in some perfumes up to 50%. More than three hundred natural and synthetic aromatic substances obtained from plant, animal and chemical raw materials are used to prepare perfume compositions. On average, the composition includes from 15 to 60 or more different fragrant substances. Usually the composition makes up % of the mass of the perfume, in some perfumes up to 50%.
Fragrant substances The raw materials for fragrant substances of plant origin are flower petals, fruits, leaves, and roots of essential plants. From them, essential oils or “flower lipstick” are obtained by steam distillation and extraction. Rose, coriander, sandalwood oils are independent aromatic substances. Patchouli leaves, coriander seeds, oak moss are used in the form of infusions. Substances of plant origin make up the main aromatic mass of perfumes. The raw materials for aromatic substances of plant origin are flower petals, fruits, leaves, and roots of essential plants. From them, essential oils or “flower lipstick” are obtained by steam distillation and extraction. Rose, coriander, sandalwood oils are independent aromatic substances. Patchouli leaves, coriander seeds, oak moss are used in the form of infusions. Substances of plant origin make up the main aromatic mass of perfumes. Fragrant substances of animal origin are used only in the form of infusions to fix the aroma. These include amber, musk, castoreum and civet. Raw materials of animal origin are more expensive than other components, and it is this that determines the level of quality of a perfume. Fragrant substances of animal origin are used only in the form of infusions to fix the aroma. These include amber, musk, castoreum and civet. Raw materials of animal origin are more expensive than other components, and it is this that determines the level of quality of a perfume. Synthetic aromatic substances are produced chemically from substances of plant origin. The raw materials used for their production include, for example, coriander, sassafras, and anise oil. This allows you to obtain aromas that have no analogues in nature. Synthetic aromatic substances are produced chemically from substances of plant origin. As raw materials for their production, for example, coriander, sassafras, and anise oil are used. This allows you to obtain aromas that have no analogues in nature.
Dyes Dyes are used in the manufacture of perfumes. They are added to give the perfume liquid the required color, which, however, does not affect its aromatic properties. Dyes are added in the form of aqueous solutions. Dyes are used in the manufacture of perfumes. They are added to give the perfume liquid the required color, which, however, does not affect its aromatic properties. Dyes are added in the form of aqueous solutions.
Production There are two main types of perfume production: distillation (steam distillation process) and enfleurage (a process based on the absorbent properties of fats). There are two main types of perfume production: distillation (steam distillation process) and enfleurage (a process based on the absorbent properties of fats) . During distillation, essential oils evaporate at a certain temperature and condense into a container along with water, but due to their low density they end up on the surface. After which the oils are simply collected. During distillation, essential oils evaporate at a certain temperature and condense into a container along with water, but due to their low density they end up on the surface. After which the oils are simply collected. Enfleurage is based on the sublimation of solids. Purified fat (mostly from pigs) is used to trap vapors. The fat absorbs oil vapors, and then, using the same distillation, they are separated. This process is good because you can extract essential oils without subjecting the plants or objects from which the scent is obtained to heat treatment. Enfleurage is based on the sublimation of solids. Purified fat (mostly from pigs) is used to capture vapors. The fat absorbs oil vapors, and then, using the same distillation, they are separated. This process is good because you can extract essential oils without subjecting the plants or objects from which the scent is obtained to heat treatment. Crystalline aromatic substances are pre-dissolved in alcohol or one of the liquid, non-volatile components. Crystalline aromatic substances are pre-dissolved in alcohol or one of the liquid, non-volatile components. Depending on the type of raw material, the process of extracting fragrant substances lasts from several hours to 1 year. For a more complete extraction of fragrant substances, the raw materials are treated with alcohol 2-3 times. Depending on the type of raw material, the process of extracting fragrant substances lasts from several hours to 1 year. For a more complete extraction of fragrant substances, the raw materials are treated with alcohol 2-3 times.
Aroma Perfume is divided into two groups according to the nature of the smell: Perfume is divided into two groups according to the nature of the smell: Floral perfume imitates the smell of one or more flowers. Floral perfumes imitate the scent of one or more flowers. Perfume created by the imagination of perfumers. Perfume created by the imagination of perfumers. Perfume is divided into two groups according to the strength of the smell: Perfume is divided into two groups according to the strength of the smell: Perfume with a light, delicate smell. Perfume with a light delicate scent. Perfume with a strong smell. Perfume with a strong smell.
Storage Perfume should be stored in a cool, dark place, avoid exposure to sunlight and close the lid tightly. If stored improperly, some components tend to evaporate and deteriorate faster than others, which is why the smell changes over time. The average recommended shelf life of perfumes is 2-3 years. Signs of spoilage include discoloration or sediment. Perfume should be stored in a cool, dark place, avoid direct sunlight and close the lid tightly. If stored improperly, some components tend to evaporate and deteriorate faster than others, which is why the smell changes over time. The average recommended shelf life of perfumes is 2-3 years. Signs of spoilage include discoloration or sediment.
History of perfumes The history of the development of perfumes goes back centuries. Since time immemorial, aromatic herbs and flowers have been constant companions of man. The ancient Egyptians used them as part of religious rituals. Mostly fragrant herbs were used in balms, various creams and incense. Fragrance oils have been used in cosmetics or medicines. The history of the development of perfumes goes back centuries. Since time immemorial, aromatic herbs and flowers have been constant companions of man. The ancient Egyptians used them as part of religious rituals. Mostly fragrant herbs were used in balms, various creams and incense. Aromatic oils have been used in cosmetics or medicines.
Over time, perfumes spread throughout the “civilized” world - Greece, Rome, Arab countries. The fall of the Roman Empire temporarily slowed down the rapid development of perfumery, but in the 12th century, due to the development of international trade, the production and distribution of fragrances resumed with renewed vigor.
In the 17th century, perfumes began to enjoy enormous success. In 1656, perfume and glove manufacturers in France carried out a joint project to produce scented gloves. The use of perfume in France became so popular that even the palace of King Louis XV began to be called the “fragrant court”, since literally everything there was saturated with delicious smells - not only the clothes of the courtiers, but also all the furniture. However, such an active use of perfumes was associated not so much with the aesthetic feelings of the refined French, but with the banal desire to muffle other, far from so refined, smells with which the cities were saturated at that time.
Along with art and industry, perfumery also changed rapidly throughout the 19th century. Changes in tastes and the development of modern chemistry gave a new impetus to the development of perfumes. Along with art and industry, perfumery also changed rapidly throughout the 19th century. Changes in tastes and the development of modern chemistry gave a new impetus to the development of perfumes. Due to the noticeably increased demand for aromatic products, industries for the production of raw materials for the production of perfumes began to actively develop (primarily the city of Grasse in Provence). And Paris became the world's largest center for the production of perfumes. Due to the noticeably increased demand for aromatic products, The industry for the production of raw materials for the production of perfumes is actively developing (primarily the city of Grasse in Provence). And Paris has become the world's largest center for the production of perfumes.
Soon the issue of storing perfume in glass bottles arose. Perfume manufacturer Francois Coty, together with his friend Rene Lalique, began supplying bottles for such famous brands as Guerlain, D"Orsay, Lubin, Molinard, Roger & Gallet and others. The Baccarat company also appeared, which became famous as a manufacturer of bottles for Mitsouko (Guerlain), Shalimar (Guerlain) and others, and the Brosse company created the famous bottle for the most popular fragrance Chanel 5, created back in 1921 by the great Mademoiselle Coco Chanel. Chanel 5 is still one of the most popular and popular. favorite fragrances all over the world. Soon the issue of storing perfumes in glass bottles arose. Perfume manufacturer Francois Coty, together with his friend Rene Lalique, began supplying bottles for such famous brands as Guerlain, D'Orsay, Lubin, Molinard, Roger. & Gallet and others. The Baccarat company also appeared, which gained fame as a manufacturer of bottles for Mitsouko (Guerlain), Shalimar (Guerlain) and others, and the Brosse company created the famous bottle for the most popular Chanel 5 fragrance, created back in 1921 by the great Mademoiselle Coco Chanel. Until now, Chanel 5 is one of the most popular and beloved fragrances all over the world.
Perfume with pheromones Pheromones (Greek φέρω “to carry” + ορμόνη “to encourage, cause”) is the collective name for substances of external secretion products secreted by some species of animals and providing chemical communication between individuals of the same species. Pheromones are biological markers of their own species, volatile chemosignals that control neuroendocrine behavioral reactions, developmental processes, as well as many processes associated with social behavior and reproduction. Pheromones (Greek φέρω “to carry” + ορμόνη “to encourage, cause”) is the collective name for substances of external secretion products secreted by some species of animals and providing chemical communication between individuals of the same species. Pheromones are biological markers of their own species, volatile chemosignals that control neuroendocrine behavioral reactions, developmental processes, as well as many processes associated with social behavior and reproduction. Pheromones modify the behavior, physiological and emotional state, or metabolism of other individuals of the same species. As a rule, pheromones are produced by specialized glands. Pheromones modify the behavior, physiological and emotional state, or metabolism of other individuals of the same species. As a rule, pheromones are produced by specialized glands.
History of the discovery The first to discover pheromones was a group of German researchers who, in 1956, managed to isolate a substance from the glands of female silkworms that attracted males of the same biological species. The resulting substance was named bombycol after the Latin name for the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The first to discover pheromones were a group of German researchers who, in 1956, were able to isolate a substance from the glands of female silkworms that attracted males of the same biological species. The resulting substance was named bombycol after the Latin name for the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Classification of pheromones Based on their effects, pheromones are divided into two main types: releasers and primers. Based on their effects, pheromones are divided into two main types: releasers and primers. Releasers are a type of pheromone that induces an individual to take some immediate action and is used to attract mates, signal danger, and induce other immediate actions. Releasers are a type of pheromone that induces an individual to take some immediate action and is used to attract mates, signal danger, and induce other immediate actions. Primers are used to shape some specific behavior and influence the development of individuals: for example, a special pheromone secreted by a queen bee. This substance inhibits the sexual development of other female bees, thus turning them into worker bees. Primers are used to shape some specific behavior and influence the development of individuals: for example, a special pheromone secreted by a queen bee. This substance inhibits the sexual development of other female bees, thus turning them into worker bees.
The following can be cited as individual names for some types of pheromones: epagones, sex attractants; epagonae are sexual attractants; odmihnions - path markers indicating the way to the house or to the prey found, markers on the boundaries of individual territory; odmihnions - path markers indicating the way to the house or to the prey found, markers on the boundaries of individual territory; toribones, pheromones of fear and anxiety; toribones, pheromones of fear and anxiety; gonophions pheromones that induce sex change; gonophions pheromones that induce sex change; gamophions, puberty pheromones; gamophions, puberty pheromones; etophions are behavior pheromones. etophions are behavior pheromones.
Use of pheromones A couple of decades ago, perfumed products containing pheromones appeared. The composition of such products is kept secret. Perfume manufacturers began to market both individual “elixirs of love” and “perfumes with pheromones.” Elixirs of love are substances with synthetic pheromones, intended to be added to regular perfume. Perfume with pheromones is a ready-to-use product, and all the consumer needs is to choose the scent that is optimal for him. Sex pheromones are actively used in the perfume and cosmetic industries. The use of such means enhances attractiveness to the opposite sex on an unconscious level. A couple of decades ago, perfumed products containing pheromones appeared. The composition of such products is kept secret. Perfume manufacturers began to market both individual “elixirs of love” and “perfumes with pheromones.” Elixirs of love are substances with synthetic pheromones, intended to be added to regular perfume. Perfume with pheromones is a ready-to-use product, and all the consumer needs is to choose the scent that is optimal for him. Sex pheromones are actively used in the perfume and cosmetic industries. The use of such means enhances attractiveness to the opposite sex on an unconscious level.
Eau de toilette (French eau de toilette, the official term appeared in the 19th century) is a perfumery aromatizer in the form of alcohol-water solutions of fragrant substances. Typically, eau de toilette contains from 4 to 10% essential oils dissolved in alcohol (% vol.). Eau de toilette differs from perfume in a less pungent and less persistent aroma. Eau de toilette (French eau de toilette, the official term appeared in the 19th century) is a perfumery aromatizer in the form of alcohol-water solutions of fragrant substances. Typically, eau de toilette contains from 4 to 10% essential oils dissolved in alcohol (% vol.). Eau de toilette differs from perfume in a less pungent and less persistent aroma.
The official term “eau de toilette” arose thanks to Napoleon I Bonaparte: while in exile on the island of St. Helena, the emperor came up with his own recipe for aromatic water with the addition of bergamot to replace the end of his cologne. Napoleon called his invention “eau de toilette,” and since then this term has become official. The official term “eau de toilette” arose thanks to Napoleon I Bonaparte: while in exile on the island of St. Helena, the emperor came up with his own recipe for aromatic water with the addition of bergamot to replace the end of his cologne. Napoleon called his invention “eau de toilette,” and since then this term has become official.
The history of eau de toilette is much more ancient. Widely used in the ancient world eau de toilette: it was sprayed on sheds and pets, it poured out in city fountains, it moistened and filled the air at receptions with aromas. However, with the fall of the Roman Empire, eau de toilette temporarily became the property of the East. The history of eau de toilette is much more ancient. In the ancient world, eau de toilette was widely used: it was sprinkled on sheds and pets, it poured out in city fountains, and it moistened and filled the air at receptions with aromas. However, with the fall of the Roman Empire, eau de toilette temporarily became the property of the East.
Today, the centuries-old history of cologne is continued by Johann Maria Farina, an eighth-generation descendant of Farina. "Eau de cologne" is a protected trademark of Farina's perfume. To this day, the eighth generation of the Farina dynasty continues to produce the original Cologne water, the recipe of which was and remains a secret. Over time, the name "Eau de Cologne" became a general designation for a light-smelling perfume. In this case, we mean flavored water, which contains 70% alcohol and from 2 to 5% aromatic substances. Today, the centuries-old history of cologne is continued by Johann Maria Farina, an eighth-generation descendant of Farina. "Eau de cologne" is a protected trademark of Farina's perfume. To this day, the eighth generation of the Farina dynasty continues to produce the original Cologne water, the recipe of which was and remains a secret. Over time, the name "Eau de Cologne" became a general designation for a light-smelling perfume. In this case, we mean flavored water, which contains 70% alcohol and from 2 to 5% aromatic substances.
History Initially, to reduce unwanted odors, they began to use perfumes that simply masked other odors. Initially, to reduce unwanted odors, they began to use perfumes that simply masked other odors. A variety of substances were used to deodorize air, rooms, etc. (charcoal, bleaching lime solution, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, etc.). A variety of substances were used to deodorize air, rooms, etc. (charcoal, bleaching lime solution, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, etc.). Odors resulting from the (putrefactive) decomposition of organic substrates (human and animal excretions, food products, corpses, etc.) are in most cases quite unpleasant. The most effective are mixtures of several components of antiperspirants, essential oils, synthetic fragrances, solvents, etc., which have a more intense and persistent odor compared to individual components. Odors resulting from the (putrefactive) decomposition of organic substrates (human and animal excretions, food products, corpses, etc.) are in most cases quite unpleasant. The most effective are mixtures of several components of antiperspirants, essential oils, synthetic fragrances, solvents, etc., which have a more intense and persistent odor compared to individual components.
Modern body deodorants Currently, roll-on and roll-on antiperspirant deodorants, as well as aerosol deodorants, are most widely used. Currently, roll-on and roll-on antiperspirant deodorants, as well as aerosol deodorants, are most widely used. The active ingredients of antiperspirant deodorants are aluminum and zirconium complexes. These products often contain ethyl alcohol, but not all consumers like alcohol-containing products: for sensitive skin alcohol may be too drying. The active ingredients of antiperspirant deodorants are aluminum and zirconium complexes. These products often contain ethyl alcohol, but not all consumers like products containing alcohol: alcohol may be too drying for sensitive skin.
The problem of the safety of deodorants Some substances that are included in common body deodorants attract increased attention from hygienists, as there are concerns that they may have adverse effects on human health. Some substances that are included in common body deodorants are attracting increased attention from hygienists, as there are concerns that they may have adverse effects on human health.
Tatyana Kochetova and Svetlana Giriychuk, 9a grade students of MKOU secondary school No. 251 of the closed city of Fokino, Primorsky Territory
Presentation for defense research work students of 9th grade of MKOU secondary school No. 251 of the closed city of Fokino, Primorsky Territory, Tatyana Kochetova and Svetlana Giriychuk "Perfumes (perfume, eau de toilette, cologne) and their effect on human health"
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“Perfumes (perfume, eau de toilette, cologne) and their effect on the human body.” Performed by: students of class 9 "A" Kochetova Tatyana, Giriychuk Svetlana, Fokino Supervisor: biology teacher Shchekoldina M.A.
The purpose of the theoretical part 1. Study the history of the creation of perfumes 2. Expand your knowledge about perfumes 3. Find out how perfumes can influence the human body 4. Find out how you can make perfumes at home
Motivation We chose this topic because recently we started using perfume. In general, perfumes are widely used in everyday life by most people. And, of course, we are interested in learning more about various perfumes and how to use them without harming our health.
Introduction The world of smells surrounds us everywhere, and we encounter it continuously. The role of smells in our lives is enormous. Modern people are accustomed to thinking that odors are just combinations of molecules that, when they enter the nose, irritate the nerve endings that transmit information to the brain. But according to the ideas of the ancient sages, smell is the subtlest manifestation of material nature and is directly related to the element of earth. Smells appeared along with the earth element and are present wherever this element is present.
For the first time, perfumes were used by the peoples who inhabited Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The smoke of sacred incense was used to propitiate the gods, and aromatic oils became an important component of spiritual rituals. A little bit of history
Perfume is a combination of various essential oils combined into a single aromatic composition. Eau de toilette - the concentration of fragrant substances here is 8-10% in 85% alcohol. Deodorants are a hygiene product containing biologically active substances that destroy microorganisms that cause sweat odors. Colognes are 2-5% aqueous-alcohol solutions containing an aromatic composition of tart and spicy odors. Lotion - liquid cosmetic product containing up to 80% alcohol for cleansing, washing the skin, toning it and for other purposes.
There are several types of Perfumes: - Vegetable - Aldehydic - Oriental - Chypre - Floral - Animalistic
Perfume and others Psychologists do not recommend using strong odors in public places, especially in unfamiliar company. It is believed that for an important business meeting it is better to use neutral, genderless perfumes. It is known that daytime perfumes are softer and more transparent than evening perfumes - dark, rich ones. When going on a date, it is advisable to avoid perfumes with notes of lavender, oak moss, coumarin, laurel and bergamot.
Perfume at home “Quiet Rain” To prepare the perfume “Quiet Rain” you will need the following ingredients: 1. ethyl alcohol – 3 tbsp. spoons. 2. water – 2 glasses. 3. Bergamot aromatic oil – 10 drops. 4. sandalwood oil – 5 drops. 5 . essential oil“Cassis” – 10 drops. Place all ingredients in an airtight container and mix them thoroughly. Leave the perfume to infuse for 15 hours. Be sure to shake the perfume before applying.
Conclusion on the theoretical part Having studied the materials on this topic, we can conclude that the role of perfumes and other perfumery products in human life is enormous. For centuries, perfumes were not just in an accessible way self-expression, but also one of the ways to attract attention, reveal the inner and outer beauty of a person. For the first time, perfumes were used by the peoples who inhabited Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The modern perfume market allows you to find enchanting eau de toilette, emphasizing individuality, for both women and men. But you should remember that you need to use these perfumes correctly so as not to harm your body.
1. Find out the practical use of this product by high school teenagers. 2. Find out their awareness on this topic. 3. Select recommendations for the use and application of this perfumery product. Practical part Purpose
Research methodology Conduct a survey among students in grades 9-11. Enter the data into tables, draw research diagrams based on the data obtained, draw conclusions. .Select recommendations for the use of these funds for teenagers.
Our research: Your preferences in choosing scents... Sweet Fresh Strong Neutral Spicy 62.5% 25% 6.3% 3.1% 3.1% Conclusion: Most students prefer sweet smells (girls). Guys prefer strong odors:
Survey of high school students about manifestation allergic reactions after using perfume products Yes No 3.1% 96.9% Conclusion: in this case, 3% of high school students had allergic reactions. Recommendation:
Manifestation of allergic reactions!!! It is better not to take measures on your own, but to consult a doctor! Attention: remember!!! - peeling, redness, itching and burning of the skin, - rashes and acne on the body, - swelling.
What do people pay attention to when buying perfume? Packaging Price Composition Company Quantity Smell 19.6% 21.4% 5.4% 14.3% 7.1% 32.2% Conclusion: When buying perfume, the most significant role is played by smell, price, and packaging. The manufacturer also matters. Much less often they pay attention to the composition and quantity of perfumes.
Do respondents know the contents of their perfume? Yes No 32.8% 67.2% Conclusion: Most students answered that they do not know the composition of the perfume they use
To the question “How to apply perfume?” Yes No 92.2% 7.8 Conclusion: Most high school students answered that they know how to use these products, which means they will not harm their health.
How to properly store perfume and cologne? Yes No 70.3% 29.7% Conclusion: most students know how to properly store perfume and cologne: at 2-7˚C with a ground-in and closed stopper, due to the fact that this perfumery product can weather and change its smell.
Can asthmatics use perfume? Yes No 9.4% 90.6% Conclusion: The majority of respondents believe that it is contraindicated for asthmatics to use perfume products. Only a small part does not agree with this, which means that they do not know the material studied in anatomy lessons in the 8th grade, which outlines the issue of contraindications for this disease.
1It is best to use perfume before getting dressed so that you can apply your favorite scent to a larger surface area of the skin. 2.If you want your perfume to last longer, apply it to moisturized skin. Perfume does not evaporate longer from clothes. 3. Do not store perfumes near a heat source; it is better to store them in a cool place. 4 . When you run out of perfume, don't throw away the empty bottle, but place the opened bottle in your closet or laundry drawer to add a fragrant scent to all your clothes. 5. Just because you can't smell your perfume doesn't mean others can't smell it. Maybe you're just used to it. Ask someone else if the scent of your perfume is too intense. 6. Tight spaces require lighter scents, or it is better to refrain from using this perfume product, especially on an airplane or car 7 . Perfume should be stored tightly sealed with a well-ground stopper so that it does not erode. 8. If perfume causes an allergic reaction in you or someone close to you, or there are asthmatics nearby, then you should not use them! Recommendations for high school students:
Conclusion on the practical part of the work. Studies have shown that the majority of high school students regularly use perfume/eau de toilette/cologne. Most of them are informed about the procedure and rules for using these perfumes and the rules for storing them, which means they will not harm their body and maintain their health. And for those who are little informed on these issues, we hope that we have become interested in this topic, aroused their interest, attracted their attention and aroused a desire to replenish their knowledge about perfumes.
However, we should not forget that excessive or incorrect use of “concentrated fragrances” can lead not to the desired result, but to very unpleasant consequences: from ridicule to allergic reactions and severe asthmatic attacks. To avoid finding yourself in such a situation, you need to know and follow the storage rules, following the recommendations that we introduced you to today. Conclusion on the work.
Thank you for your attention!