for the OGE in literature 2019.

Part 2 (tasks 2.1-2.4)

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

1. What is the author’s attitude towards Prince Igor? (Based on the story “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”).
2. Why does the poem telling about Igor’s defeat in the battle with the Polovtsians end with the glorification of the prince? (Based on the story “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”).
3. How is the patriotic theme revealed in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”?
4. What are the civic and moral lessons of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”?
5. The image of the author in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

M.V. Lomonosov

1. How in “Ode on the Day of the Accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747” the idea of ​​M.V. is embodied. Lomonosov about the ideal historical figure?
2. What values ​​are affirmed by M.V. Lomonosov in “Ode on the Day of the Accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747”?

G.R. Derzhavin

1. What are the views of G.R. Derzhavin about the essence of poetic creativity?
2. What “lessons” do M.V. give to rulers in his poems? Lomonosov and G.R. Derzhavin? (Using the example of one poem from each poet).
3. Over which philosophical questions The poetry of G.R. makes one think. Derzhavin? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
4. What problems does G.R.’s poetry respond to? Derzhavin?
5. What, from your point of view, is the uniqueness of G.R. Derzhavin as a poet? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).

DI. Fonvizin

1. The meaning of the title of the comedy by D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth".
2. Can Starodum be considered an exponent of the author’s ideas? (Based on the comedy by D.I. Fonvizin “The Minor”).
3. As in the comedy by D.I. Fonvizin's "Undergrowth" reveals the theme of education?
4. What are the goals and means of satire in the comedy of D.I. Fonvizin "Minor"?
5. What is the role of positive characters in D.I.’s comedy? Fonvizin "Minor"?
6. What qualities unite Skotinin, Prostakova and Mitrofan? (Based on the comedy by D.I. Fonvizin “The Minor”).
7. What could have given rise to the writer V.F. Odoevsky to call the play “Minor” a “tragedy”? (Based on the comedy by D.I. Fonvizin “The Minor”).
8. What is the significance of the last phenomenon in the comedy of D.I. Fonvizin "Minor"?

N.M. Karamzin

1. What allows us to attribute the story to N.M. Karamzin's "Poor Liza" to sentimentalism?
2. Why is the story by N.M. Karamzin is called “Poor Liza”?
3. What moral problems does N.M. pose? Karamzin in the story “Poor Liza”?
4. As in the story by N.M. Karamzin's "Poor Liza" reveals the theme of social inequality?
5. What is the author’s attitude towards Lisa? (Based on the story “Poor Liza” by N.M. Karamzin).
6. What is the attitude of the author of the story towards Erast (Based on the story by N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”).

V.A. Zhukovsky

1. What are the main themes and motives of V.A.’s romantic poetry? Zhukovsky?
2. Like the plot of V.A.’s ballad Zhukovsky’s “Svetlana” is connected with its main idea – “faith in Providence”?
3. Romantic motives in the ballads of V.A. Zhukovsky (Using the example of one of the ballads of your choice).

A.S. Griboyedov

1. Why A.S. Did Griboyedov replace the original title of his comedy “Woe to Wit” with “Woe from Wit”?
2. The modernity of the sound of A.S.’s comedy Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
3. What are the reasons for the clash between Famusov and Chatsky? (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”).
4. What is Chatsky fighting against and in the name of? (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”).
5. In what ways is Chatsky fundamentally opposite to Molchalin? (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”).

6. What is the essence of the contrast between Chatsky and Repetilov? (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”).
7. Meaning female images in the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
8. Traits of the moral ideal in the image of Sophia (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”).
9. As in the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" reveals the theme of family?
10. What content do the heroes of A.S.’s comedy put into the concept of “mind?” Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"?
11. What unites representatives of the Famus society? (Based on the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”).
12. Features of the language of comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".

I.A. Krylov

1. Mastery of I.A. Krylov in creating fable images. (Using at least two fables of your choice as an example).
2. Who is I.A. ridiculing and for what? Krylov in his fables? (Using at least two fables of your choice as an example).
3. What moral vices are exposed in the fables of I.A. Krylova? (Using at least two fables of your choice as an example).
4. As in the fables of I.A. Krylova is reflected folk wisdom? (Using at least two fables of your choice as an example).

A. S. Pushkin

1. The theme of love in the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Gypsies".
2. Features of the conflict in the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Gypsies".
3. In what ways are the life positions of Aleko and the old gypsy opposite? (Based on the poem by A.S. Pushkin “Gypsies”).
4. As in the works of A.S. Did Pushkin reflect the poet’s parting with romanticism? (Using at least two works of your choice as an example).
5. The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin (Using the example of 2-3 works of your choice).
6. The theme of love in the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin (Using the example of 2-3 works of your choice).
7. The world of nature and the world of man in the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin (Using the example of 2-3 works of your choice).
8. As in the lyrics of A.S. Does Pushkin reveal the theme of friendship? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
9. What philosophical questions does the lyrics of A.S. make you think about? Pushkin? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
10. As in the lyrics of A.S. Does Pushkin develop the theme of freedom? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
11. What moral values affirmed in the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
12. How is the theme of love revealed in “Belkin’s Tales”? (Based on one of the stories from A.S. Pushkin’s cycle “Belkin’s Tales”).
13. As in the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Station Agent" reveals the theme of the "little man"?
14. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Samson Vyrin’s character? (Based on the story by A.S. Pushkin “The Station Warden”).
15 . What author's ideals are reflected in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter"?
16. Why is the Russian revolt in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is called "senseless" and "merciless"?
17. Why is Pugachev’s personality interesting to the author and main character of the novel “The Captain’s Daughter”?
18. The role of female images in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".
19. Common and different in the family structures of the Mironovs and Grinevs (based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”).
20. Differences in the worldview of Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin (based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”).
21. What allowed V.G. Belinsky should call the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" as an "encyclopedia of Russian life"?
22. How is the contrast between the natures of Onegin and Lensky manifested? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”).
23. Why did the friendship of Onegin and Lensky lead to a tragic outcome? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”).
24. What is the peculiarity of the author’s attitude towards Onegin and Lensky? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”)
25. Why V.G. Belinsky called Evgeny Onegin a “reluctant egoist”? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”).
26. How does it change? main character novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"?
27. Why A.S. Does Pushkin call Tatyana his “sweet ideal”? (Based on the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”).
28. Why does the relationship between Tatiana and Onegin develop dramatically? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”).
29. As in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" reveals the problem of unrealized individual potential?

M.Yu. Lermontov

1. Mastery of M.Yu. Lermontov in the depiction of nature. (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
2. As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Does Lermontov reveal the poet’s attitude towards God? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
3. As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Are Lermontov's theme of love and the motive of loneliness connected? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
4. As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov reveals the theme of the purpose of the poet and poetry? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
5. As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Does Lermontov reveal the tragedy of his worldview? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
7. As in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov reveals the theme of Russian history? (Using the example of the poem “Borodino” and the poem “Song about ... merchant Kalashnikov”).
8. The image of the Tsar in “The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.”
9. As in “Song about... merchant Kalashnikov” by M.Yu. Lermontov reveals the theme of human honor and dignity?
10. What is the attitude of the author of the poem towards Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich? (Based on the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”).
11. What is the meaning of the epigraph to the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" is connected with the image of the main character?
12. “Three days of freedom” (based on M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri”).
13. As in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" appear the most important features romanticism?
14. What meaning does M.Yu. Lermontov in the title of his novel “Hero of Our Time”?
15. What is the role in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" is played by the author's prefaces?
16. Why is Pechorin lonely and unhappy? (Based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”).
17. The theme of friendship and the features of its sound in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time".
18. Why was the duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky inevitable? (Based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”).
19. Why do many of Pechorin’s circle call him “strange”? (Based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”).
20. Why M.Yu. Does Lermontov violate the chronological sequence in the arrangement of chapters of the novel “A Hero of Our Time”?
21. What is the role in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" is played by female characters?
22. How is the theme of fate revealed in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"?

N.V. Gogol

1. Why is the story by N.V. Gogol is called “The Overcoat”?
2. The image of the “little man” and the theme of compassion in the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat".

3. As in the story by N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat" - is there a relationship between reality and fantasy?
4. How does N.V. appear in the poem? Gogol's "Dead Souls" provincial town?
5. Satirical depiction of officials in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
6. Why was the frivolous braggart Khlestakov not exposed by the experienced mayor? (Based on N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”).
7. The role of female characters in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General".
8. Khlestakov and his servant Osip in the comedy by N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General".
9. How do you understand the words of N.V. Gogol that laughter is the only “honest, noble face that acted” in the comedy “The Inspector General”.
10. Why “Dead Souls” N.V. Gogol called it a poem?
11. The role of author’s digressions in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
12. What human vices does N.V. expose? Gogol in the poem “Dead Souls”?
13. As in the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls" reveals the inner essence of Chichikov?
14. How does Chichikov’s character manifest itself in his interactions with the landowner Korobochka? (Based on N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”).
15. Why can the landowners whom Chichikov visits be called “dead souls”? (Based on N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”).
16. The image of Plyushkin and his role in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
17. Why did Chichikov’s scam end in exposure? (Based on N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”).
18. How is “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” related to the general issues of the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls"?
19. The theme of the road in the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".
20. As in the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls" implements the principle of "laughter through tears"?

F.I. Tyutchev

1. What is the embodiment in the lyrics of F.I. Did Tyutcheva get the idea about the “universal animation of nature”? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
2. What philosophical questions does F.I. reflect on? Tyutchev in his works? (Using 2-3 poems of your choice as an example).
3. Why F.I. Is it customary to call Tyutchev a “poet of thought”? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
4. Why F.I. Is Tyutchev called a romantic poet? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).

A.A. Fet

1. How is the relationship between the human world and the natural world shown in the lyrics of A.A. Feta? (Using the example of 2-3 poems of your choice).
2. Why A.A. Can Fet be called a poet-philosopher? (Using the example of 2-3 poems of your choice).
3. How are the themes of love and nature connected in the lyrics of A.A. Feta? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
4. Why A.A. Fet is called the poet of the moment? (Using at least two poems by a poet of your choice as an example).

ON THE. Nekrasov

1. How does the Muse appear in N.A.’s lyrics? Nekrasova? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
2. As in the poetry of N.A. Nekrasov reveals the theme of the suffering of the people? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
3. What is the meaning of the dispute about the people in N.A.’s poem? Nekrasov "Railway"?
4. What significance does the image of the road take on in N.A.’s poem? Nekrasov "Railway"?
5. Social issues of N.A.’s lyrics Nekrasova. (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).

L.N. Tolstoy

1. As in the works of L.N. Tolstoy's theme is revealed spiritual growth personalities? (Using the example of one work of your choice).
2. What does L.N. value most in a person? Tolstoy? (Using the example of one work of your choice).
3. What are the moral issues of the story by L.N. Tolstoy's "After the Ball"?
4. When and why did Ivan Vasilyevich’s love for Varenka “wane”? (Based on the story by L.N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”).
5. How are moral and social problems in the story by L.N. Tolstoy's "After the Ball"?
6. What is the role in revealing the problems of L.N.’s story? Tolstoy's "After the Ball" plays a role of contrast?

F.M. Dostoevsky

1. What problems does F.M. pose in his prose? Dostoevsky? (Using the example of one work of your choice).
2. How does the inner world of the hero of F.M.’s prose appear? Dostoevsky? (Using the example of one work of your choice).

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

1. What vices does M.E. expose in his satirical tales? Saltykov-Shchedrin? (Using the example of one or two fairy tales of your choice).
2. What are the main satirical techniques used in the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin? (Using the example of one or two fairy tales of your choice).
3. How does the image of the people appear in the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin? (Using the example of one or two fairy tales of your choice).
4. The meaning of the ending of the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "Wild Landowner".
5. Who does M.E. ridicule and why? Saltykov-Shchedrin in “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”?
6. What is it? philosophical meaning fairy tales by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Wise Minnow”?

I.S. Turgenev

1. How does the world of the human soul appear in the prose of I.S. Turgenev? (Using the example of one of the stories of your choice).
2. What is the role in the stories of I.S. Are Turgenev's descriptions of nature playing a role? (Using the example of one of the stories of your choice).
3. What problems does I.S. raise in his prose? Turgenev? (Using the example of one of the stories of your choice).
4. How is the theme of love revealed in the works of I.S. Turgenev? (Using the example of one of the stories of your choice).

A.P. Chekhov

1. What and who is A.P. laughing at? Chekhov? (Using the example of one or two works of your choice).
2. As in the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Chameleon" combines funny and sad?
3. Why A.P. Chekhov is called a master of artistic detail? (Using the example of one work of your choice).
4. Man and environment in the stories of A.P. Chekhov (Using the example of one or two stories of your choice).
5. How does “ small man"in the works of A.P. Chekhov? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
6. Why is A.P.’s story Chekhov's title is "The Death of an Official"?
7. As in the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Tosca" reveals the theme of loneliness?

A.A. Block

1. What attracts you to A.A.’s poetry? Blok? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
2. The lyrical hero of A.A.’s poems Blok. (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).

S.A. Yesenin

1. Folklore traditions in the poetry of S.A. Yesenin (Using the example of 2-3 poems of your choice).
2. What are the features of the image of nature in the lyrics of S.A. Yesenin? (Using at least two works of your choice as an example).
3. How does the Motherland appear in the poems of S.A. Yesenin “Birch”, “Powder”, “Go you, Rus', my dear...”?
4. How does the inner world of the lyrical hero appear in the poems of S.A. Yesenin? (Using at least two works of your choice as an example).

I.A. Bunin

1. What problems are posed in Bunin’s prose? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
2. Why the prose of I.A. Bunin is called lyrical? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
3. The world of the human soul in the story by I.A. Bunin "Tanka".
4. How does the main character of I.A.’s story see the world? Bunin's "Tanka"?
5. How the image appears native land in the story by I.A. Bunin "Mowers"?

V.V. Mayakovsky

1. The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of V.V. Mayakovsky.
2. How does the lyrical hero of V.V.’s poetry appear? Mayakovsky?
3. What values ​​are affirmed in the poetry of V.V. Mayakovsky? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).
4. What is the meaning of the title of V.V.’s poem? Mayakovsky's "The Satisfied Ones"?
5. How do the real and the fantastic relate in the poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "An Extraordinary Adventure..."?

A.T. Tvardovsky

1. What made Vasily Terkin a truly national hero? (Based on the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”).
2. What qualities of the people’s character were embodied in the image of Vasily Terkin? (Based on the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”).
3. Depiction of a national feat in the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin".
4. What is the meaning of comparing Tyorkin with the old soldier? (Based on the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”, chapter “Two Soldiers”).
5. What character traits of Tyorkin are opposed to the destructive power of war? (Based on the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”)
6. What is the role in the poem “Vasily Terkin” by A.T. Does Tvardovsky play an image of military everyday life?

IN AND. Shukshin

1. The meaning of the title of the story by V.M. Shukshin “Cut off”.
2. What is the author’s attitude towards the main character of the story V.M. Shukshin "Weirdo"?
3. How are Vasily Knyazev’s relationships with the people around him and why? (Based on the story “Weird” by V.M. Shukshin).
4. What do you see as the characteristics of the heroes of V.M.’s stories? Shukshina? (Using the example of one or two works of your choice).

M. Sholokhov

1. Why is the story of M.A. Sholokhov is called “The Fate of Man”?
2. The theme of the feat in the story by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man".
3. How does Andrei Sokolov manifest himself in a situation of moral choice? (Based on the story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov).
4. What helps Andrei Sokolov endure the trials of fate? (Based on the story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov).
5. What role did the meeting with Vanya play in the fate of Andrei Sokolov? (Based on the story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov).

A.I. Solzhenitsyn

1. What is the meaning of the title of A.I.’s story? Solzhenitsyn's "Matryonin's Dvor"?
2. What meaning does A.I. convey? Solzhenitsyn into the concept of “righteous man”? (Based on the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”).
3. What features of the people’s character does the image of Matryona embodies? (Based on the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor”).
4. What moral problems posed by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”, are they relevant today?
5. How is the problem of material and spiritual values ​​revealed in the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn's "Matryonin's Dvor"?
6. The image of the narrator in the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's Dvor".

Poetry, prose, drama of the second half of the 20th century

1. How the relationship between man and nature is conceptualized in Russian prose of the 20th century. (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
2. How are its tragic and heroic sides revealed in 20th-century literature about war? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
3. The work of which poet of the second half of the 20th century is interesting to you and why? (Using the example of at least two poems from one of the poets of your choice).
4. How is the value of the human personality affirmed in the works of Russian literature of the twentieth century? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
5. The theme of spiritual unselfishness in Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century. (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
6. How is the theme of a person’s moral duty revealed in Russian prose of the second half of the twentieth century? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
7. The theme of the native land in Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century. (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
8. What does modern prose make you think about? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
9. The theme of feat in literature about the Great Patriotic War. (Using the example of one of the prose works of your choice).
10. War in the lyrics of Russian poets of the second half of the 20th century. (Using the example of one of the poets of your choice).
11. What social problems are revealed in Russian prose of the second half of the 20th century? (Using the example of one of the works of your choice).
12. How is the theme of love revealed in the lyrics of one of the poets of the second half of the twentieth century? (Using at least two poems of your choice as an example).

All topics of OGE essays are known!
They are published in the Open Task Bank on the FIPI website.

1. What is the inner world of a person?
2. What is choice.
3. What is kindness.
4. What are precious books.
5. What is friendship.
6. What are life values.
7. What is love.
8. What is maternal love.
9. What is real art.
10. What is self-doubt.
11. What is moral choice.
12. What is fortitude.
13. What is mutual assistance.
14. What is happiness.

Friendship is a close relationship based on sincerity, support, and selflessness. A true friend will appreciate your talents and achievements and will never envy your success. And the person who has met a true friend in his life should be happy.

The heroines of A. Aleksin’s text, Lyala and Masha, are very lucky in this regard, because they have a devoted friend who can not only sincerely admire and be proud of their abilities, but also selflessly take care of them. This girl has an extraordinary gift - the ability to make friends and be infinitely devoted to her friends.

A striking example to follow is the attitude of Wilhelm Küchelbeckerak to his lyceum friend A.S. Pushkin. Kükhlya, as his comrades called him, understood the genius of the young poet like no one else and did not hide his sincere admiration for him. And A.S. Pushkin valued his comrade very highly.

Every person needs friendship. Some people claim that they don't need friends, but they are mistaken. They just haven’t met a reliable and devoted friend yet. (148 words)

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) At school I was friends with Lyalya Ivashova and Masha Zavyalova.

(2) Masha could do everything: draw, sing, walk on her hands. (3) It was pointless to compete with her, like with Leonardo da Vinci. (4) Teachers could give her A's without calling her to the board. (5) She mercilessly experimented on herself: either she invented a hairstyle that could well be nominated for an award in the section of architectural structures, or she invented a skirt with so many folds that she wanted to play it like an accordion.

(6) Masha composed poems and forgot them on notebook covers, on blotters. (7) I collected quatrains, put dates at the bottom, hid them, saving them for posterity, and remembered many by heart.

(8) With Mozartian ease, Masha set her poems to music and performed them with a guitar.

(9) Her face was mobile, like a clown’s: she disposed of it without effort. (10) Disappointment, delight, amazement - all these feelings replaced each other, leaving no room for uncertainty. (11) The absence of monotony was the Machine’s image.

(12) No one considered Masha the champion of the “all-around” class, since she did not fight with anyone, since her championship was undisputed.

(13) In everything except femininity and beauty: here Lyalya was considered the first.

(14) Beautiful women, even in their sleep, do not forget that they are beautiful. (15) Beauties get used to sacrificial worship and can no longer do without it. (16) Lyalya did not notice the admiring glances, and this made them even more admiring.

(17) I myself never had to defend myself from fans - and I defended Lyalya from them.

– (18) Don’t live someone else’s life! - my mother persuaded me, seeing this.

(19) Masha was promised the rank of academician, Lyala - the conqueror of the stronger sex and the creator of a happy family, and I was simply their friend. (20) They didn’t promise me anything.

(21) I was proud of Lyalina’s beauty and Masha’s talents more loudly than of my own merits, precisely because these virtues were still not mine: they could not accuse me of immodesty.

“(22) You continue to live someone else’s life, you are not delighted with your own successes,” my mother stated.

- (23) Do you think this is bad? - I was surprised.

– (24) Shine with reflected light? - (25) She thought about it and repeated what I had already heard from her:

- It depends on whose light!

(According to A. Aleksin) *

* Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich (born in 1924) - writer, playwright. His works, such as “My Brother Plays the Clarinet”, “Characters and Performers”, “Third in the Fifth Row”, etc., tell mainly about the world of youth.

COMPOSITION

The inner world of a person is his spiritual world, consisting of feelings, emotions, thoughts, ideas about environment. A person’s inner world begins to form in childhood. Great value in spiritual development a child has play, imagination and faith in miracles. This can be confirmed by two examples.

The characters in L. Volkova's text are children with a rich imagination who love to play. During the game they learn not only good and evil, but also themselves. An extraordinary dream that Mitya and Nika believed in made them change their ways. better side, realize the important truths of life.

Let us remember the hero of another literary work - Sasha Cherny's story "Igor Robinson". Playing at being a sailor, the boy ended up on an island. A difficult situation enriched the hero’s inner world; it forced him to overcome his fear and show qualities such as endurance, courage and intelligence.

Thus, childhood is a very important period of a person’s life; it is at this time that the concepts of good and evil are laid down, character, a value system, and inner world are formed.

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) In the suburbs of one very ordinary city lived the most ordinary family: father Vitya, mother Vika, son Mitya and daughter Nika. (2) The children were obedient, but they really did not like to go to bed. (3) Every evening there was a scandal: – (4) Children, go to bed! (5) It’s too late... - Dad Vitya was angry.

- (6) Well, dad, can we play for another half hour? (7) Daddy, please, the children asked.

(8) And today the children just didn’t want to go to bed.

“(9) I give you ten minutes,” dad said angrily and left the room.

“(10) Let’s collect the toys and go to bed,” said mother.

(11) In the end, the children lay down in their beds and closed their eyes.

(12) Midnight struck. (13) And suddenly Mitya saw that something unusual began to happen in the room. (14) Children's toys began to come to life: dolls straightened their dresses and hairstyles, soldiers cleaned their guns, cars checked their wheels, soft toys stretched sweetly. (15) Mitya pretended to be asleep, and they did not notice that the boy was watching them. (16) On the next bed, my sister was also awake and looking at the toys with all her eyes.

“(17) Vika,” the brother whispered to the girl, “our toys have come to life...

- (18) I see.

- (19) Toys, have you come to life? (20) How can this be? - the girl could not stand it.

- (21) Oh-oh-oh, they see us, - the dolls squeaked, - now everyone will know our secret.

- (22) No, no, no, we won’t reveal your secret to anyone. (23) Really, Mitya?

“(24) It’s true,” the boy agreed, “why do you only come to life at night?” (25) It would be great if you were always alive! (26) The children crawled out of their beds and sat on the floor, surrounded by toys.

“(27) This is how we are built,” said the soldiers. - (28) If they play with us carefully, if they don’t scatter us, don’t break us, then we come to life and protect the sleep and peace of our owners, but if on the contrary, then we leave forever.

(29) Nika took her favorite doll in her arms.

- (30) Let's play? - the girl suggested.

- (31) Hurray! (32) Let's go! - the toys started fussing.

“(33) You need to sleep, you won’t get up well for kindergarten tomorrow,” said the bear. “It was an old toy that my mother probably played with.”

- (34) Okay,” Mitya was afraid to offend the old bear, “and tomorrow we’ll go to bed early to play with you all alive.”

(35) The boy shook hands with the soldiers, stroked the dog Tishka on the head, and put the cars in the garage. - (36) Nika, let's go to bed, and tomorrow we'll play with toys again!

“(37) Okay,” the girl said, yawning, and fell asleep.

(38) In the morning, dad woke up the children:

- (39) Dad, dad, do you know what happened tonight... - Mitya began, but then he remembered his promise to keep the secret. - (40) I had a dream.

“(41) Well, sleep is great,” dad laughed.

(42) Mitya didn’t tell anyone about his secret. (43) Now he went to bed early, and every night the toys came to life and played with the children until the old bear told them that they needed to go to bed.

(44) Of course, it was a dream. (45) But it’s good that children believe in good dreams!

(According to L. Volkova) *

* Volkova Lyubov is a young contemporary author.

COMPOSITION

Art is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art not only decorates our lives, but also awakens strong feelings in a person, opens up a new world, and helps to overcome life’s difficulties.

It was art that helped the heroine of V.P. Astafiev’s text, Lina, regain interest in life during a difficult period. Sad events painted her existence in dark tones. But, once in the Planetarium, she heard Tchaikovsky’s melody, which became a real anthem of life for her. Music made the girl forget about what was depressing her and look at life with completely different eyes.

K. Paustovsky also spoke about the impact of art on people in his story “Basket with Fir Cones.” When Dagny heard the music of the great composer, she discovered a new, stunningly bright, colorful, inspiring world. Feelings and emotions that were previously unfamiliar to her stirred her entire soul and opened her eyes to an as yet unknown beauty. This music showed the girl not only the greatness of the world around her, but also the value of human life.

Thus, real art is a great force that can inspire a person and lift his weakened spirit.

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) Lina has already lived in Moscow for half a month. (2) The depressing and joyless events in her life echoed with constant pain in her heart and colored her entire existence with gloomy tones.

(3) It was impossible to forget.

(4) She went to the theaters, and there in almost every opera, every ballet there was a life drama. (5) The world is eternally divided into two poles: life and death. (6) These concepts, between these poles, contained everything in two short words.

(7) In the Tretyakov Gallery, almost half of the paintings depicted something sad.

(8) One day Lina went to the zoo. (9) But she didn’t like it either: she felt sorry for the beggar bears, whose backsides were wiped and naked because they often sat down for the amusement of people and “served” for candy, for a piece of bread. (10) It’s a pity for the sleepy, half-shabby predators: they were completely, completely unafraid - these fanged animals caged in.

(11) She left the zoo, wandered through the streets, sat down on a bench to rest and began to look around.

(12) Globe. (13) Blue globe, in a yellow shiny hoop, sky maps, satellite tracks. (14) Lina guessed: she fell into the fence of the Planetarium.

(15) “A planetarium is a planetarium, it doesn’t matter,” she thought and went inside the building and bought a ticket. (16) The guides talked about meteorites, about the change of day and night, seasons on Earth, the children looked at the models of satellites and the rocket. (17) Images of stars stretched along the cornices. (18) Lina went upstairs and found herself in the dome of the Planetarium.

(19) Finishing the ice cream and slowly throwing pieces of paper under the seats, people waited for the lecture.

(23) And across the sky of the Planetarium a celestial body flew - the sun. (24) The sun, which gives life to everything. (25) It passed through a toy sky, over a toy Moscow, and the sun itself was a toy.

(26) And suddenly the dome above her began to bloom with stars, and from somewhere from the heights, growing, spreading and strong, music poured out.

(27) Lina has heard this music more than once. (28) She even knew that this was Tchaikovsky’s music, and for a moment she saw fairy-tale swans and the dark force lying in wait for them. (29) No, this music was not written for dying swans. (30) The music of the stars, the music of eternal life, it, like light, arose somewhere in the depths of the universe and flew here, to Lina, flew for a long, long time, maybe longer than starlight.

(31) The stars shone, the stars beamed, countless, eternally alive. (32) The music gained strength, the music expanded and soared higher and higher to the sky. (33) A man born under these stars sent his greetings to the sky, glorifying eternal life and all life on Earth.

(34) The music has already spread throughout the sky, it has reached the most distant star and burst out across the entire vast celestial world.

(35) Lina wanted to jump up and shout:

- (36) People, stars, sky, I love you!

(37) Throwing up her hands, she rose from the seat and rushed upward, repeating the spell:

- (38) Live! (39) Live!

(According to V.P. Astafiev) *

*Astafiev Viktor Petrovich (1924–2001) - Russian Soviet writer, author of widely known novels, novellas, and short stories.

COMPOSITION

Strength of spirit is one of the important qualities of a person, making him strong not physically, but morally. Thanks to the strength of spirit, a person is able to survive difficult life situations, cope with difficult memories, overcome his fears, believe in a bright future and provide support to others. I will prove the truth of my words with two examples.

Let us turn to the text by G.Ya. Baklanov, whose hero, a young lieutenant, experienced all the hardships of the war. He saw with his own eyes how his comrades died, heard shells exploding next to him. All these difficult impressions affected the hero’s state of mind, but nevertheless he found the strength to live on and rejoice ordinary things. This example proves that strong-willed people can cope with life's difficulties.

Let us also remember the story of two sisters, Nyura and Raya, who survived difficult, scary days blockade in Leningrad. Despite the death of their mother, hunger, and cold, the girls did not lose heart, they continued to live, were engaged in creativity and supported the sailors going into battle with their performances. The courage and resilience of these girls is admirable.

Thus, fortitude is the greatest human quality, helping to gain victory over oneself and circumstances. (173 words)

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) There is sleep and silence on the farm. (2) We walk along a low fence, white under the moon, made of flat wild stone in a southern way. (3) It feels as if I was born here, and lived my life here, and now I’m returning home.

(4) I knock loudly on the window frame. (5) There is no need to sleep now that we are back.
(6) And now the plank door swings open. (7) Panchenko, my orderly, sleepy, yawning, stands barefoot on the threshold.

- (8) Come in, Comrade Lieutenant.

(9) It’s good to return home from the bridgehead at night like this. (10) You don’t think about it there. (11) You feel it here with all your might. (12) Before the war, I never had to return home after a long separation. (13) And we didn’t have to leave for a long time. (14) The first time I left home for a pioneer camp, the second time I left for the front. (15) But even those who returned home before the war after a long separation did not then experience what we are experiencing now. (16) They returned bored - we are returning alive...

(17) Sitting on the windowsills, the scouts watch the two of us eat, and their eyes are kind. (18) And in the corner there is a wide country bed. (19) White pillowcase stuffed with hay, white sheet. (20) People did not understand or appreciate much before the war. (21) Does a person in peacetime understand what clean sheets are? (22)3 Throughout the war, I only slept on sheets in the hospital, but then they were not pleasing.

(23) I lie down on my royal bed, smelling of hay and fresh linen, and sink into the ground. (24) My eyes are stuck together, but I barely doze off when, with a start, I wake up again. (25) I wake up from silence. (26) Even in my sleep, I got used to listening to the explosion of shells.

(27) And thoughts about the guys remaining on the bridgehead come into my head. (28) I close my eyes - and again it’s all before my eyes: the signalmen’s dugout, which was hit by a bomb, the road in the forest and the black heights occupied by the Germans...

(29) No, I don’t think I’ll fall asleep. (30) Carefully, so as not to wake the guys, I go out into the yard, carefully closing the door. (31) How quiet! (32) It’s as if there is no war on earth. (33) Ahead, the moon sets behind a clay pipe, only its edge glows above the roof. (34) And there is something so ancient, endless in this, which was before us and will be after us.

(35) I sit on a stone and remember how at school forty-five minutes of a lesson were longer than two centuries. (36) States arose and collapsed, and it seemed to us that time had flown before us with amazing speed and now it was just taking its normal course. (37) Each of us had a whole human life ahead of us, of which we lived for fourteen, fifteen years.

(38) I have been fighting for three years now. (39) Have the years really been so long before?.. (40) I return to the house, cover myself with my head and, shivering under my overcoat, fall asleep.

(According to G.Ya. Baklanov)*

* Baklanov Grigory Yakovlevich (1923–2009) – front-line writer. Among the author’s most famous works is the story “Forever Nineteen Years Old,” dedicated to the fates of young boys - yesterday’s schoolchildren who ended up at the front.

COMPOSITION

Choice is a conscious decision-making from a variety of options offered. A person is constantly faced with a situation of choice; it is a vital necessity. It is especially important to make the right decision when choosing a future profession, because a person’s future life depends on it. Sometimes making such a choice is very difficult, but some people already know from an early age what they will do when they grow up. I will prove the truth of my words concrete examples.

The hero of the text by E. Grishkovets talks about how he chose his future profession. The boy had three options: to become an engineer, like his mother, a doctor, like his uncle and brother, or a cultural worker. He saw pros and cons in every profession. At this stage of life, the hero has not been able to make up his mind, but we understand that sooner or later he cannot avoid making this important decision.

But A.V. Suvorov did not have to think long about choosing his future profession. Already in childhood, despite poor health and lack of support from his father, he decided to become a military man. Therefore, he devoted the rest of his life to achieving his goal. The correctness of the path he chose is proven by the fact that the name of A. Suvorov entered the history of our country as the name of a legendary commander.

Thus, making a choice is half the battle; the main thing is not to make a mistake with your choice. (184 words)

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) Mom, when I was not yet in school, worked as an engineer and did a lot of drawing. (2) The drawings were so beautiful, and her preparation cabinet with shiny things was so extraordinarily attractive that I could not pass by. (3) Of course, they caught me and didn’t let me in, but I still ruined several drawings and broke some compasses.

“(4) He is clearly drawn to the exact sciences,” my mother said seriously to my father.

(5) At school it immediately became clear that I was not drawn to the exact sciences. (6) I studied very averagely. (7) Mom said that if I continue like this, I will become a loader. (8) The expression on my father’s face at that time was such that I guessed: he doubted that my mother was telling the truth.

(9) In short, I never considered the profession of a loader as a promising one.

(10) When I was in high school, my parents taught at the university. (11) Mom taught thermodynamics, and father worked as the head of the department at the Faculty of Economics.

(12) But algebra, geometry and physics were still the darkest subjects for me. (13) My parents themselves understood that I would not follow in their footsteps, and did not even hint at it.

(14) What opportunities did I have? (15) University, cultural institute and, of course, medical.

(16) I always liked medical school. (17) Firstly, my beloved uncle taught there. (18) Secondly, my second cousin studied there, whom I also liked. (19) But somehow the so-called anatomist was frightening. (20) I understood: I couldn’t even just enter the building where she was located.

(21) Then I started going to the Institute of Culture. (22) I listened and watched performances of the student choir, concerts of students of the variety department, performances staged and performed by students. (23) Of course, I didn’t understand this well then, but I felt deathly boredom and the terrifying joylessness of what I saw. (24) The smell of the “anatomist” seemed to haunt me, it came from everything there: in all the performances the uselessness of what was happening was visible. (25) Useless to anyone! (26) Neither the speakers nor the audience. (27) This lack of hope for joy made me firmly abandon the idea of ​​​​entering a cultural institute.

(28) But I wanted... (29) I don’t know what I wanted. (30) Nothing definite. (31) I wanted to be a student. (32) I wanted to study not very hard and not very boring... (33) I wanted a fun, interesting, real life. (34) The main thing is real life, with the whole being.

(According to E. Grishkovets) * Grishkovets Evgeny Valerievich (born in 1967) is a modern Russian writer, playwright, director, actor, musician. He became famous after he was awarded the Golden Mask national theater award in 1999. He is the author of the books “Shirt”, “Rivers”, “Traces on Me”, “Asphalt”.

COMPOSITION

Self-doubt is a state of a person who, as a rule, is highly dependent on the opinions of others. Such people do not have faith in their abilities, they almost always have low self-esteem, and they are disappointed in their results in advance. People who are unsure of themselves are afraid to reveal their individuality and constantly focus on others, trying to be like them. I will prove the truth of my words with specific examples.

The hero of Svetlana Lubenets’s work, Venka, is not confident in himself and therefore tries to be equal to his classmates in everything. He liked himself in the jacket, thought it was “awesome” and did not hear any ridicule about this from others, but he felt that he did not fit into the team, and therefore tried to get rid of the jacket. He even decided that his children would imitate their friends in everything. Thus, unsure of himself and dependent on those around him, Venka did not defend his individuality and defend his own opinion.

A similar case is described in another work by Svetlana Lubenets. His heroine Nina differs from her peers who have already found boyfriends in that she has not made any changes in her life. And she even somehow put up with it until she found her boyfriend best friend Irishka. And so Nina, previously a self-sufficient girl, trying to be like everyone else, imitating her classmates, suddenly decides that she needs a boyfriend and creates a virtual one for herself. So a girl, instead of revealing her individuality, copies her friends, and this imitation reaches the point of a childishly frivolous act - inventing a friend for herself.

From these examples it follows that self-doubt is the result of low self-esteem and dependence on other people’s opinions, it prevents people from defending their own point of view, maintaining individuality, making them the same, similar to each other. 259 words

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) Venka came home from school, sat in the kitchen for a while, drank a glass of cranberry juice made by his grandmother, looked at how funny the white rat Marfusha was sleeping in the aquarium with his transparent paws outstretched, and still went to call his mother at work. (2) That’s how it was with them: right after school, Venka always called her and reported on his affairs.

“(3) Mom, I got into a fight again...” he said slowly and fell silent guiltily.

(4) Not a sound was heard from the receiver for some time. (5) Mom was upset.

– (6) Everything is clear. (7) Let's talk in the evening.

(8) Venka hung up the phone and thought. (9) What is it clear to mom? (10) Sometimes what seems absolutely clear and correct to her is absolutely inapplicable to Venka’s life at school. (11) For example, his mother makes him wear a jacket to school. (12) In September, at a school-wide meeting, the director suggested that parents buy jackets for their sons. (13) They say, school uniform now is optional, and jackets will discipline the boys and set them in a serious mood. (14) The very next day, Mom dragged Venka to the store, where they bought a stunning, as it seemed to him in the heat of the moment, beige jacket, in which a thin brown check caught his eye. (15) “Like a London dandy...” my mother said joyfully, looking at Venka. (16) He also really liked himself in a jacket, but only until he came to school. (17) In his 7 “A” he was the only one dressed up in this way.

(18) At first, Venka was not very upset: not all mothers are as efficient as his. (19) But neither a week nor a month later, none of the classmates changed into a jacket. (20) The guys still wore jumpers, jeans, jackets from tracksuits, and the coolest ones wear sweatshirts. (21) Venka tried to get his jacket dirty as quickly as possible, since it was light. (22) He was already looking forward to wearing his old dark blue sweater to school in two days large knit, but mom brought another jacket from work.

- (23) Here! (24) Try it on! – she chirped over Venka. - (25) Aunt Nina gave it. (26) Vitalka has become too small, but it will be just right for you.

(27) Venka, gritting his teeth, got into Vitalka’s jacket. (28) He was also fine: steel-colored with black specks. (29) But Venka didn’t need this elegant jacket! (30) None of his classmates wore jackets around school. (31) Nobody! (32) There is only one of him! (33) True, he never heard any offensive words from anyone about his clothes, but with his whole being he felt that in these jackets he in no way fit into the male class team. (34) When he, Venka, has his own son, he will never buy him any jackets. (35) He will carefully study what his son’s friends will wear and buy him exactly the same black jeans as Petya Komissarov’s: modest, with numerous convenient pockets with zippers and buttons. (According to S.A. Lubenets)*

* Svetlana Anatolyevna Lubenets is a modern children’s writer from St. Petersburg, writes books about teenagers, the relationships between them, the most ordinary and not so ordinary children.

COMPOSITION

Life values ​​are what is truly important to people in their lives. These are their beliefs, principles, guidelines. They play the role of a compass that determines not only a person’s fate, but also his relationship with others. I believe that life values ​​must be formed from childhood, since they lay the foundation for the entire future life of an individual.

The text by L. E. Ulitskaya tells about Alik and Dina’s great-grandfather, who used to work as a watchmaker, but became blind in old age, distinguishing only between light and darkness. Great-grandfather gave Alik a watch. In those days it was an expensive gift! The younger sister, taking the watch accidentally left by her brother, broke it. The girl’s grief knew no bounds: “...she didn’t cry, but it was so heavy, as if she was carrying a sack of potatoes on her back.” Having given everything that was left of the watch to her great-grandfather, she cried and fell asleep. Waking up, the girl did not believe her eyes, because her gaze fell on the watch that the blind old man repaired, repaired, in his words, because he saw “the most important thing” in life. And this “most important thing” was his great-grandchildren, their happiness and peace... Here it is, the life value of the hero of the text!

In the story by V.P. Astafiev’s “White Horse with a Pink Mane” tells the story of how the hero deceived his grandmother by filling a jar with grass instead of strawberries. The deception was revealed at the market when a city lady bought “strawberries”. How much shame my grandmother, Katerina Petrovna, suffered at that moment! Angry and offended, she, still loving her grandson, bought the little deceiver the promised gingerbread. She bought it because her main value in life was her grandson who was orphaned at an early age!

Thus, life values ​​are everything that is important for a person, which was formed in his childhood and preserved until old age.

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) The great-grandfather called all the women of his large family, from grandmother to great-granddaughter, “daughters.” (2) All men are “sons”. (3) In recent years he was completely blind, he could only distinguish light from darkness: he saw a window, a burning lamp. (4) He spoke little, but constantly whispered something so quietly that it was almost inaudible. (5) You could only see his gray mustache moving over his sunken mouth; for this reason his children called him Grandfather the Whisperer.

(6) The brothers went to school, all the adults were at work, and Dina, the youngest in the family, stayed with her great-grandfather. (7) When brother Alik was ten years old, his great-grandfather gave him a watch. (8) It was an unprecedentedly rich gift for those times. (9) The watch was on a thin brown strap, shaped like a brick, the dial had a solemn expression on its face.

(10) No one in the class had a watch. (11) And Alik had them. (12) Every five minutes he looked at his watch and was still surprised at how different the minutes were: some were long and barely lasted, while others were fast and slipped by unnoticed. (13) In the evenings, Alik wound up the clock and put it on a chair next to the bed. (14) No matter how much Dina asked, he didn’t even let him hold them.

(15) One morning, two weeks after the watch was given, Alik went to school, leaving the watch on the chair near the bed. (16) On the way, he came to his senses, but there was no time to return.

(17) After breakfast, Dina discovered the watch. (18) She carefully took them and put them on. (19) Great-grandfather shook his head.

(20) In the yard, Dina was surrounded by guys.

“(21) This is Alka’s watch,” they said.

- (22) No, my! - Dina lied. - (23) Our great-grandfather was a watchmaker until he went blind. (24) He has a hundred of these watches. (25) He gave it to me too.

(26) The girl ran to the backyard. (27) The guys played volleyball there. (28) She asked, but was accepted reluctantly. (29) She didn’t really know how to play. (30) Dina raised her hands with her fingers spread and began to wait for the ball to splash against them. (31) Finally, the long-awaited ball, directed by someone’s envious hand, hit the wrist with force. (32) The watch splashed in different directions: the mechanism separately, the glass separately. (33) With a pitiful ringing sound, it hit the ground and jumped up, sparkling in the sun.

(34) It was the first heat of spring, the linden trees stood with new foliage, as if they had been freshly painted.

(35) It seemed that the trees were dumbfounded before the misfortune that had happened. (36) Clutching what was left of the watch in her palm, Dina slowly climbed onto the porch, walked through the cloud of the sun lying on the steps, into the cool darkness. (37) She didn’t cry, but it was so heavy, as if she was carrying a sack of potatoes on her back. (38) She pounded the door with her heel for a long time, and her great-grandfather opened it. (39) Dina buried her nose in her grandfather’s skinny belly.

“(40) Nothing, nothing, daughter,” he said, “there was no need to take them.”

(41) And the tears finally splashed out, like the clowns in the circus, in a strong stream. (42) She put a piece of glass and a mechanism into her great-grandfather’s small, dry hand. (43) And when all the tears that were there poured out, she fell fast asleep.

(44) When Dina woke up, her great-grandfather was sitting at the table, and in front of him stood a porcelain box with tools: tweezers, brushes, wheels and a round magnifying glass. (45) Dina approached him on tiptoe and pressed herself against his sharp shoulder. (46) He stuck the strap into the ears of the entire watch.

- (47) Grandfather, did you fix it? - Dina asked, not believing her eyes.

- (48) Well, you cried. (49) I don’t have a new piece of glass. (50) There’s a small crack here, see? “(51) I see,” Dina answered in a whisper. (52) And you? (53) Tell me, you’re not blind, right? (54) Do you see?

(55) Great-grandfather turned to her. (56) His eyes were kind and faded. (57) He smiled.

- (58) Perhaps I see something. (59) But only the most important thing,” he answered and whispered, as always, something inaudible.

(60) Many years have passed, and Dina remembers little from that time. (61) But what she remembers becomes clearer over the years, and sometimes it seems to her that soon she will be able to distinguish and hear the words that her great-grandfather whispered. (According to L. Ulitskaya*)

* Ulitskaya Lyudmila Evgenievna (born in 1943) Russian writer, screenwriter, laureate of literary awards.

COMPOSITION

Love is a feeling of mutual affection, unconditional and unlimited trust two to each other. I believe that a special form of love, bright and tender, is youthful love, which is based on the dream of mutual understanding, faith in the depth and purity of the first feeling.

Thus, in the text by Yu. Yakovlev it is said that a young man fell in love with a girl without seeing her, but only hearing her. Naili’s voice struck the hero, “made his heart beat faster than usual”: it sounded like a special string in his heart, turning the multiplication table into poetry. Everything suggests that love arose in the young man’s soul. And the girl was clearly in love with the hero!

I remember A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” which tells the story of how Tatyana Larina fell in love with Onegin. The author does not tell what the girl liked about Evgenia, but succinctly says: “The time has come, she fell in love.” When the young noblewoman saw Eugene Onegin, “a thought arose in her heart,” a thought about great, pure love. And what a pity that the hero rejected the girl’s feelings and destroyed dreams of mutual understanding.

Thus, love is a feeling of mutual affection, and not the passion of one or the other.

ORIGINAL TEXT

1) Before I saw Nailya, I heard her voice. (2) He amazed me, made my heart beat faster than usual. (3) All people have one string in their voice, but in her voice two seemed to be heard: one sounded low, thick, and the other high, thin. (4) These gentle strings sometimes sounded separately, sometimes interspersed, sometimes merged and sounded together with a barely noticeable tremor. (5) The simplest words, when she pronounced them, changed in their meaning, and it seemed as if you were hearing them for the first time. (6) The voice renewed the words and filled them with warmth.

(7) I heard Naila’s voice and imagined her: her hair should be dark, her eyes should have coals in the middle, her lips should be slightly swollen, with barely noticeable cracks from water and wind. (8) Together with her voice, her breath reached me, similar to the rustling of leaves when the wind smells. (9) When her voice fell silent, I was afraid that it would not sound again - it would soar and fly away like a bird. (10) I wanted it to sound forever and no one but me would hear it.

(11) She sat on the coastal sand, her legs crossed and her chin resting on her knees. (12) She sat motionless, maybe even fell asleep. (13) I made a big circle and walked around her to see if she was sleeping. (14) Her eyes looked so intently at one point that I thought: she was dreaming with her eyes open.

(15) She had dark eyes and when Nailya squinted, they became completely black. (16) When the sun did not shine in her face and she opened her eyes wide, all the blackness gathered into small dots. (17) Her eyes shone as if with tears, although she did not cry.

(18) And suddenly she looked up from her sleep, raised her eyes and said:

- (19) And I know you.

- (20) Do you know me? - (21) I wanted to scream with joy, to do something unthinkable.

- (22) We study at the same school. (23)Didn't you see me?

- (24) I didn’t see it!

“(25) How inattentive you are,” she said.

- (29) No, something else... (30) I wanted to recognize you because of your voice.

(32) I liked it! (33) That was not the right word. (34) This voice completely seized power over me!

(35) And suddenly I said:

(37) My unexpected request took her by surprise.

- (38) Are you laughing?

- (39) No, seriously. (40) I will listen to your voice.

(41) Nailya looked at me intently and shook her head. (42) She could not understand, and I could not explain to her, that her voice changed the meaning of words and the most ordinary words sounded as if they had just been born. (43) And the multiplication table turned into poetry. (According to Yu.Ya. Yakovlev)*

* Yakovlev Yuri Yakovlevich (1923–1996) – writer and screenwriter, author of books for children and youth.

COMPOSITION

Kindness is the quality of a person who is distinguished by responsiveness, spiritual disposition towards people and all living things. In my opinion, compassion for animals is so closely connected with the kindness of a person’s character that we can confidently say that someone who is cruel to animals cannot be kind.

M.A. Chvanov’s text ends with a rhetorical question: “Why did the dog choose this particular woman out of hundreds of others?..” (Sentence 26). Not because she was good and slender... But because she was “as tired”, exhausted, as the dog... I think it was this fatigue of the woman that allowed the dog to feel her sincerity and kindness.

Can the heroes of L. Andreev’s story “Bite” be called kind?! Having tamed the animal to themselves, forcing him to experience his canine happiness, they carefreely left the dacha in the fall, without thinking about Kusaka’s future fate...

Thus, only a sympathetic and sensitive person can be kind.

ORIGINAL TEXT

1) About five meters from a huge office building, on the icy dirty asphalt, a thin homeless dog with teary eyes stood on three legs and was looking for someone in the doorway. (2) The sore leg was apparently freezing, and the dog, pressing it to its stomach, involuntarily squatted.

(3) With a tormented, haunted gaze, she indifferently watched some people go, wagged her tail ingratiatingly in front of others, and still others threw something at her like: “Well, Zhuchka?” – and her eyes lit up with hope. (4) But those who automatically noticed her already forgot about her and left indifferently or waved them away with disgust, and her watery eyes faded, and she crouched again, tucking her sore leg under her.

(5) And I realized that she is not waiting for anyone, but chooses her owner. (6) Homeless life, without a doubt, was already unbearable for her, and she chose the owner. (7) She was trembling from the cold, she was hungry, and her eyes, thin body, tail begged: “Well, someone look at me, well, someone take me, and I will answer you with such love!..” ( 8) But the tired people moved on. (9) The poor dog tried to follow first one, then the other, even took a few steps after him, but immediately returned.

(10) She chose a young woman, just as tired. (11) The woman glanced at the dog and walked past, but the dog followed her, at first hesitantly, then decisively and recklessly. (12) The woman accidentally looked back, saw a dog, immediately wagging its tail devotedly, but immediately moved on. (13) The dog lay down and put its head on its paws. (14) She no longer caressed her humbly, she simply waited, not taking her eyes off the woman. (15) The woman said something to her, and the dog wagged its tail and crawled almost on its belly to her feet.

(16) The woman took a bun out of her bag, put it in front of the dog, but she didn’t eat, she looked into the woman’s eyes: she understood that they wanted to get rid of her with a handout.

(17) Then the woman squatted down and stroked her on the head, handed her a bun, and the dog began to eat, every now and then glancing at the woman: she was afraid that she would leave. (18) The woman kept stroking the dog and said something quietly and sadly to the equally sadly shuddering animal. (19) Then she took a liver pie out of her bag, put it in front of the dog and quickly walked away without looking back.

(20) The dog, leaving the half-eaten pie, ran after the woman, whined, and she stopped in confusion.

- (21) Well, what should I do with you? – the woman asked almost in tears.

(22) The dog looked at her reverently.

(23) The woman took candy out of her bag and placed it in front of the dog. (24) She took it - just out of politeness, so as not to offend, so as not to frighten off her happiness, and ran after the woman more confidently. (25) So they disappeared around the corner.

(26) Why did the dog choose this particular woman out of hundreds of others?..

(According to M.A. Chvanov*)

* Mikhail Andreevich Chvanov (born in 1944) – Russian writer, publicist, director of the memorial house-museum of S.T. Aksakova.

COMPOSITION

Precious books are those that are especially dear to us. If in life we ​​managed to come across a book that we want to return to again and again, that does not leave us indifferent, that awakens the desire to think or do something creative, then we can say that the book has become a treasure for us.

The text talks about difficult war times, when there was simply nowhere to get books. Only in the library. That is why teacher Anna Nikolaevna, emphasizing every word, so carefully introduces the children to the rules for using books. After her words, every child will remember that “the book must be taken care of.” And having learned this, he will become acquainted with the wonderful world of books, and will find for himself those that he will call precious.

These days the choice of books is huge! You can borrow them from the library, buy them in a store, or download them electronically on the Internet. Despite the fact that there are now fewer readers, I am sure that everyone has favorite books that they want to return to again and again.

Thus, precious books exist in wartime, in the 60s of the last century, and in our days. They teach us kindness, determination, love for the Fatherland.

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) In the third autumn of the war, after classes, Anna Nikolaevna did not let us go home, but handed out narrow strips of paper, on which, under a bold purple seal, everything was honorable! - it was written that such and such is actually studying in the second grade of ninth grade primary school.

- (2) Here! (3) With this one! (4) Help! - dividing the words, making pauses between them and, thus, not just explaining, but instilling, drumming into us the rule that needed to be remembered, Anna Nikolaevna explained the rest. – (5) And in writing! (6)By surety! (7)Moms! (8) You! (9) Let's go! (10) To the nursery! (11) Library! (12) And sign up!

(13) Children's glee cannot be stopped. (14) And there’s no need to stop it, because it’s a force of nature. (15) Therefore, our wise Anna Nikolaevna only smiled when we screamed in joy, huddled in our desks, as if in boxes, stepped aside, leaned against the warm stove, closed our eyes and folded our hands.

(16) Now is the time to explain why we were so happy. (17) The fact is that we all learned to read a long time ago - according to our age, of course, we could easily deal with the thin, pre-war, glued and glued books that Anna Nikolaevna gave in class, but we were not allowed into the library, For some reason, the library was recorded only from the second grade. (18) Who doesn’t want to be older as a child? (19) A person who visits a library is independent person, and the library is a noticeable sign of this independence.

(20) Gradually we calmed down, calmed down, and Anna Nikolaevna began to explain again.

- (21) In writing! (22) Guarantee! (23) Mom should write! (24) What if! (25) Losses! (26) Books! (27) She! (28) Will reimburse! (29) Loss! (30) Tenfold! (31) Size!

- (32) Now do you understand your responsibility? – she asked in an ordinary, calm voice.

(33) There was no need to ask. (34) Without any doubt, a tenfold fine for a lost book looked like a monstrous punishment. (35) It turned out that we would read the books and lose them; if we had to, we would also lose them, but the mothers would have to suffer because of this, as if they weren’t getting enough anyway.

(36) Yes, we grew up in the strictures of wartime. (37) But we lived as people always live, only from childhood we knew: here and there there was a strict line, and Anna Nikolaevna simply warned about this line. (38) She instilled in us, second graders, an important truth, according to which both young and old are dependent on each other, and if you forget about this, you will forget that you need to take care of the book, and you will lose it due to absent-mindedness or some other reason, even for a good reason, then your mother will have to answer for you, cry, collect money tenfold.

(39) Sighing, noticing the cruel amount of responsibility and another rule according to which mom must come herself with you, taking your passport, we flew out into the wild, again jubilant and jostling.

(According to A.A. Likhanov)*

∗ Likhanov Albert Anatolyevich (born in 1935) - writer, journalist, chairman of the Russian Children's Fund. Special attention In his works, the writer pays attention to the role of family and school in raising a child and in shaping his character.

COMPOSITION

A mother’s tender and selfless attitude towards her children is maternal love. This, in my opinion, is the most wonderful feeling in the world. It can work miracles, bring you back to life and save you in difficult times.

The text by M. Ageev talks about how the boy was ashamed of his poor mother. When she brought him a forgotten envelope with money to the gymnasium, he “objected in a hateful whisper that these calf tendernesses are not for us, that if she brought money, then let her pay for it herself.” Despite the humiliation and rudeness, the mother was not offended by her son, because she loved him.

I believe that the hero M. Ageev needs to remember the words of the poet Viktor Gin:

Don't offend mothers

Don't be offended by mothers.

Before parting at the door

Say goodbye to them more gently.

Thus, the mother is always ready to understand and forgive her children, to give them everything she has, without expecting rewards in return for her selfless love.

ORIGINAL TEXT

1) One day at the beginning of October, early in the morning, while leaving for the gymnasium, I forgot the envelope with money my mother had prepared in the evening. (2) They had to pay tuition fees in the first half of the year.

(3) When the big change began, when all of us were let out into the yard on the occasion of the cold, but dry and sunny weather, and at the bottom of the stairs I saw my mother, only then did I remember about the envelope and realized that she, apparently, could not stand it and brought him herself.

(4) Mother, however, stood aside in her bald fur coat, in a funny bonnet, under which gray hairs hung, and with noticeable excitement, which somehow further enhanced her pitiful appearance, helplessly peered at the crowd of schoolchildren running past, who, laughing, they looked back at her and said something to each other.

(5) As I approached, I paused and wanted to slip through unnoticed, but my mother, seeing me and immediately lighting up with a gentle smile, waved her hand, and I, although I was terribly ashamed in front of my comrades, approached her.

“(6) Vadichka, boy,” she spoke in an old man’s dull voice, handing me the envelope she had left at home and timidly, as if she was burning herself, touching the button of my overcoat with her little yellow hand, “you forgot the money, and I think he’ll be scared, so I brought it.”

(7) Having said this, she looked at me as if she was asking for alms, but, in rage for the shame caused to me, I objected in a hateful whisper that these calf tendernesses are not for us, that if she brought money, then let her pay for it herself.

(8) The mother stood quietly, listened in silence, guiltily and sadly lowering her old, affectionate eyes. (9) I ran down the already empty stairs and, opening the tight, noisily sucking door, looked back and looked at my mother. (10) But I did this not at all because I felt any pity for her, but only out of fear that she would cry in such an inappropriate place.

(11) Mother still stood on the platform and, sadly bowing her head, looked after me. (12) Noticing that I was looking at her, she waved her hand with the envelope at me the way they do at the station, and this movement, so young and cheerful, only showed even more how old, ragged and pitiful she was.

(13) Several comrades approached me in the yard and one asked who this pea jester in a skirt was with whom I had just talked. (14) I, laughing cheerfully, replied that she was an impoverished governess and that she had come to me with written recommendations.

(15) When, having paid the money, my mother came out and, without looking at anyone, hunched over, as if trying to become even smaller, quickly tapping her worn out, completely crooked heels, walked along the asphalt path to the iron gate, I felt that I was in pain heart for her.

(16) This pain, which burned me so hotly in the first moment, did not last, however, very long.

(According to M. Ageev)*

* Mikhail Ageev (Mark Lazarevich Levi) (1898–1973) – Russian writer.

COMPOSITION

Happiness by definition explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegova, is a feeling and state of complete, highest satisfaction. In my opinion, happiness is warm relationships with family members and people close to us.

Thus, N. Aksenova’s text talks about the happiness of a father who, in order to see his little daughter, came with a button accordion to all matinees in kindergarten and school. The daughter, embarrassed by her dad, “looked at his face shining with happiness” and “carried the heavy cross of her father’s absurdity.” The girl's attitude towards her father will change when he commits a heroic act, saving his daughter.

The famous Russian writer M.Yu. Lermontov said: “Believe me, happiness is only where they love us, where they believe us.” And, indeed, I feel truly happy only in the circle of people who love me.

Thus, happiness is when your loved ones are always nearby.

ORIGINAL TEXT

1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

(6) And I, first in kindergarten and then at school, bore the heavy cross of my father’s absurdity. (7) Everything would be fine (you never know what kind of fathers anyone has!), but I didn’t understand why he, an ordinary mechanic, came to our matinees with his stupid accordion. (8) I would play at home and not disgrace either myself or my daughter! (9) Often getting confused, he yelped thinly, like a woman, and at him round face a guilty smile appeared. (10) I was ready to fall through the ground from shame and behaved emphatically coldly, showing with my appearance that this ridiculous man with a red nose had nothing to do with me.

(11) I was in third grade when I caught a bad cold. (12) I started getting otitis media. (13) I screamed in pain and hit my head with my palms. (14) Mom called ambulance and at night we went to the district hospital. (15) On the way, we got into a terrible snowstorm, the car got stuck, and the driver, shrilly, like a woman, began to shout that now we would all freeze. (16) He screamed shrilly, almost cried, and I thought that his ears probably hurt too. (17) Father asked how long was left to the regional center. (18) But the driver, covering his face with his hands, kept repeating: “What a fool I am!” (19) Father thought and quietly said to mother: “We will need all the courage!” (20) I remembered these words for the rest of my life, although wild pain swirled around me like a snowflake in a snowstorm. (21) He opened the car door and went out into the roaring night. (22) The door slammed behind him, and it seemed to me as if a huge monster, clanging its jaws, swallowed my father. (23) The car was rocked by gusts of wind, snow fell with a rustling sound on the frost-covered windows. (24) I cried, my mother kissed me with cold lips, the young nurse looked doomedly into the impenetrable darkness, and the driver shook his head in exhaustion.

(25) I don’t know how much time passed, but suddenly the night was illuminated by bright headlights, and the long shadow of some giant fell on my face. (26) I closed my eyes and saw my father through my eyelashes. (27) He took me in his arms and pressed me to him. (28) In a whisper, he told his mother that he had reached the regional center, raised everyone to their feet and returned with an all-terrain vehicle.

(29) I dozed in his arms and through my sleep I heard him coughing. (30) They didn’t attach any importance to this then. (31) And for a long time afterwards he suffered from double pneumonia. (32) This night changed my understanding of my father.

(33)...My children are perplexed why, when decorating the Christmas tree, I always cry. (34) From the darkness of the past, my father comes to me, he sits under the tree and puts his head on the button accordion, as if he secretly wants to see his daughter among the dressed-up crowd of children and smile cheerfully at her. (35) I look at his face shining with happiness and also want to smile at him, but instead I start crying. (According to N. Aksyonova)*

* Nina Aksyonova is a modern children's poet and prose writer.

COMPOSITION

Mutual assistance is mutual assistance in any matter, support. To manifest it, in my opinion, neither orders from above nor commands from the leaders of a campaign or expedition are needed. This is the inner desire of one person to help another.

In T. Mikheeva’s text, we observe a situation where the squad, out of spite, did not want to help a new girl win a beauty contest. There is no talk of mutual assistance! Nominating Alena for the competition, each member of the squad understood that “even if you were three times beautiful, you would not be able to complete a single task without the support of the squad and spectacular performances. But it would be a shame for her to stand on stage, it would be a shame for her to receive the whistling and hooting of the audience alone! " This is what the squad wanted... And only Masha, having learned about this, entered the battle for Alena. She understood that she needed to help the girl, “she had to cope at all costs.”

This will never happen in our class, because the principle: “Die yourself, and save your friend” comes first. Whatever it concerns, helping your classmates is above all! We help each other in studies, in sports, and on long hikes in the Arkhyz mountains. We help without demanding anything in return.

Thus, mutual assistance is the selfless, free help of one person to another.

ORIGINAL TEXT

- (1) Mash, Mash, we chose a new girl...

– (2) Where did you choose? - (3) She’s been in the squad for a week now, but everything is “new”...

– (4) Participate in a beauty contest! - (5) Ingenuous, joyful Gerka presented me with the news like a cake on a platter.

(6) I grabbed my heart and looked at Romka standing next to me.

- (7) Roma... (8) Why are you doing this?

- (9) Serves her right! (10) Let it not be asked!

(11) I rushed to Antonina Markovna and Oleg.

- (12) Well, how could you let that happen? (13)Where were you looking?

- (14) Masha, I don’t understand... - Antonina Markovna was confused. - (15) At the planning meeting they said to choose one girl from the squad, that this is the main competition...

- (16) That's it!

- (17) We began to choose, and they all said in unison: (18) “Alena, Alena! (19) She is the most beautiful!” (20) I wouldn’t say so, but since they think so...

(21) I vividly imagined how they scream, what malicious, evil eyes they have. (22) Almost all of our squad are old-timers, they know what a beauty contest is! (23) Even if you are thrice beautiful, you will not be able to complete a single task without the support of a squad and spectacular performances. (24) But she’s the only one who can stand on stage, and she’s the only one who receives the shame, whistling and hooting from the audience. (25) He will become famous throughout the entire camp at once! (26) Like the “coolest” girl or like the most... you know.

– (27) If a participant does not have support, she will look... well, like a complete fool! (28) Do you think our people will support her? (29) They framed the girl!

- (30) But, Masha, she agreed herself! (31) She was silent for a minute, looked at everyone in turn and said calmly: “I agree.”

(32) I can imagine with what eyes she “looked at everyone”! (33) But I could have refused! (34) Easily! (35) But she understood everything, proud girl Alena Akinirova, and out of spite she did not refuse them.

“(36) So, so,” I said decisively. - (37) It’s clear that we won’t get help from the guys - they will harm her in every possible way. (38) Therefore, we must make every effort to help a person.

“(39) Yes, Masha,” Antonina Markovna said obediently.

“(40) Okay, Mash,” Oleg nodded seriously.

(41) Peonies were slowly wilting in a glass jar on the table.

“(42) She probably thinks she’s so irresistible,” the girls giggled, “she’ll go on stage and conquer everyone with her beauty!”

- (43) Everyone gets in right away and gives her first place!

“(44) She doesn’t think anything like that,” Vaska suddenly stood up for Alyonka. - (45) And in general... (46) Maybe she doesn’t even know that she needs to prepare a number, and a dance, and a support group? (47) This is her first time at the camp.

(48) After this overheard conversation, I tried to explain to Alyonka what the beauty contest in our camp was, what was required of her, but she listened impatiently and absent-mindedly and finally said:

- (49) Masha, do you want to appoint someone else? (50) Well, please, I don’t care...

(51) But to appoint another means to support the boycott.

(52) Then suddenly Alyonka’s eyes filled with tears, and she said angrily, defiantly:

- (53) Do you think I can’t cope without them? (54) It’s very necessary! (55) I can cope without them! (56) You'll see.

(57) And I realized: I have to cope at all costs.

(According to T. Mikheeva)*

* Tamara Mikheeva (born in 1979) is a modern writer, winner of literary awards.

COMPOSITION

Human inner world- this is his spiritual world, consisting of feelings, emotions, thoughts, experiences, ideas about the environment. Does a person’s external appearance always correspond to their inner world? No not always. Sometimes a vulnerable nature is hidden under a formidable appearance. And vice versa. I will prove my point with examples from fiction.

The hero of Ostromir’s text is a stern and fearless biker, “a guy with a big beard and tattoos.” In the perception of many people, bikers are crazy guys prone to risk, rage and aggression. But the story about the toy, told by the hero himself, convinces us that a sentimental nature can be hidden under the mask of a rebel. This is evidenced by the hero's attitude towards his favorite childhood toy - a bear cub. Unpleasant dreams forced the narrator not only to find the bear cub in an abandoned dacha, but also to put him in order and give him new life. Moreover, from that moment on, the childhood toy also became a talisman for the biker. Would a hard-hearted person do this?

Now let's remember the heroine of A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" Masha Mironova. Who would have thought that this outwardly fragile and weak girl has inner strength and determination? After all, not everyone would dare to go to the queen herself to save their beloved!

Thus, a person’s appearance is not always a reflection of his inner world.

ORIGINAL TEXT

1) As a child, I had a favorite soft toy about the size of a small sofa cushion. (2) It was a bear. (3) I carried him everywhere and didn’t even leave him in the crib. (4) Of all the toddler toys, the bear was the last to be forgotten. (5) In general, I grew up, became a guy with a big beard and tattoos, and instead of teddy bears I fell in love with motorcycles.

(6) And then one day I dreamed of a bear cub from my childhood. (7) The dream was unpleasant: the bear cub stood in the center of an empty room, in the flickering light of a light bulb, and outside the window it seemed as if a hurricane was brewing. (8) The bear looked straight at me and pulled its paw towards me, as if it was pointing to something behind my back, as if it was warning me about something.

(9) I didn’t attach any importance to the dream. (10) However, the next day I was driving to a motorcycle club, and the “nine” cut me off so that I flew over the handlebars and landed on a hedge planted along the road. (11) It was she who saved me. (12) I received bruises, a slight dislocation of my shoulder, and the motorcycle was seriously damaged and required expensive repairs.

(13) A week later everything happened again. (14) All in the same room with flickering light and an approaching hurricane. (15) Only the toy itself looked dirty and shabby, and in some places it was cut, and cotton wool was sticking out. (16) The little bear still persistently pointed at me with its paw.

(17) I decided to go to the dacha, which was practically abandoned, and find a bear cub among the junk in the attics and basements. (18) Break, everything is upside down, I found a toy in a dusty potato sack in the farthest corner.

(19) First, I took out the bear cub’s head, torn off “with meat,” then the body with half of the cotton wool coming out through the torn holes. (20) I spent another hour trying to find the missing eye ball in the small debris at the bottom of the bag, but I never found it.

(21) I took the bear home and repaired it myself, although I, of course, did not have such a skill. (22) I washed it, stuffed it with new cotton wool, carefully sewed it up and even went over it lightly with an iron; in place of the lost eye I attached a black bandage, like a pirate’s. (23) And later, with the help of a friend from the studio, the bear dressed himself in a leather biker jacket with small studs.

(24) From now on, the bear sits in my garage in a very visible place, and sometimes I install it on the fork of a motorcycle, and we ride around the city or in motorcycle convoys. (25) My colleagues from the club laughed at first, but then they got used to it, and the toy even in some way became our talisman. (26) I have long had a dream - my own club for bikers, and I will open it. (27) I even came up with a name for it - “One-Eyed Bear”.

(According to Ostromir) *

* Ostromir is a modern young blogger.

9. ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art is like a powerful force that can awaken strong feelings in a person, evoke emotions, and make one think about serious life issues. Works of true art are national treasures, the most important spiritual values ​​that must be passed on to other generations.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. A person’s contact with works of art contributes to his spiritual enrichment. True art is like a powerful force that can awaken strong feelings in a person, evoke emotions, and make one think about serious life issues.

ART - is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. Real art excites the soul and gives a feeling of happiness. It can distract a person from everyday life, transport him to the world of dreams and fantasies, and instill faith in miracles.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art is not only capable of awakening strong feelings and emotions in a person, distracting for a while from the drab everyday life, giving pleasure, but also filling life with meaning, finding the key to oneself.

Here we present for you definitions with commentary on concepts such as:

• Human inner world
• Choice
• Kindness
• Precious books
• Friendship
• Life values
• Love
• Mother's love
• Real art
• Diffidence
• Moral choice
• Strength of mind
• Mutual assistance
• Happiness

Note: definition and comments depend on the content of the text!

HUMAN INNER WORLD- this is his spiritual world, consisting of feelings, emotions, thoughts, ideas about the surrounding reality. There are people with a rich inner world, and there are people with a poor one. A person’s inner world can be judged by his actions.

CHOICE- this is a conscious decision-making from a set of proposed options, this is a preference for one option over another. A person is constantly faced with a situation of choice; it is a vital necessity. It is especially important to make the right decision when choosing a future profession, because a person’s future life depends on it. Sometimes making such a choice is very difficult.

KINDNESS- this is the spiritual quality of a person, which is expressed in a tender, caring attitude towards other people, in the desire to do something good, to help them. Kindness makes our lives brighter and more joyful. It can change a person and his attitude towards the world around him.

PRECIOUS BOOKS- these are books that develop a person’s imagination and imagination, give him new impressions, transport him to another world and lay the foundations of morality. Every child should have such books, because the acuity of perception in childhood is very great and early impressions can then influence the rest of their lives.

FRIENDSHIP- This is not just an emotional attachment, it is a close relationship based on trust and sincerity. A true friend will not deceive you under any circumstances. He will find the strength to tell the truth, even if it is not easy for him to do so.

FRIENDSHIP is a close relationship based primarily on understanding and support. A true friend will always understand when you need his help and will definitely support you in a difficult situation.

LIFE VALUES is what people consider important in their lives. These are their beliefs, principles, guidelines. This is a compass that determines not only a person’s fate, but also his relationships with others. Life values ​​are formed in childhood; they lay the foundation for the rest of life.

LOVE- this is the most intimate feeling that one person can experience for another. This is a kind of attraction, desire, desire to be close to the object of your love. Love ennobles, makes you perceive differently the world, admire and admire the one you love, and even perform feats.

MOTHER'S LOVE- this is the most beautiful and powerful feeling, this enormous strength, capable of working miracles, restoring life, saving from dangerous diseases. Maternal love is multifaceted, it manifests itself in selfless dedication, care, and worry for one’s own child.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art is like a powerful force that can awaken strong feelings in a person, evoke emotions, and make one think about serious life issues. Works of true art are national treasures, the most important spiritual values ​​that must be passed on to other generations.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. A person’s contact with works of art contributes to his spiritual enrichment. True art is like a powerful force that can awaken strong feelings in a person, evoke emotions, and make one think about serious life issues.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. Real art excites the soul and gives a feeling of happiness. It can distract a person from everyday life, transport him to the world of dreams and fantasies, and instill faith in miracles.

ART is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art is not only capable of awakening strong feelings and emotions in a person, distracting for a while from the drab everyday life, giving pleasure, but also filling life with meaning, finding the key to oneself.

DIFFIDENCE- this is a lack of faith in yourself, your strengths, capabilities and abilities. Insecure people have low self-esteem and suffer from an inferiority complex. This trait is very disruptive in life. It is necessary to fight it, overcome it.

MORAL CHOICE- this is a conscious decision made by a person, this is the answer to the question “What to do?”: pass by or help, deceive or tell the truth, succumb to temptation or resist. When making a moral choice, a person is guided by conscience, morality, and his own ideas about life.

STRENGTH OF MIND- one of the main qualities that makes a person strong not physically, but morally. Strength of spirit consists of self-confidence, determination, perseverance, perseverance, inflexibility, and faith in the best. Strength of spirit makes a person find a way out of a difficult situation, look into the future with optimism, and overcome life's adversities.

MUTUAL REACH- this is helping each other, supporting each other in a difficult situation. Mutual assistance is based on the principle “you - for me, I - for you.” This means that the person who helped you expects reciprocal actions from you, but these actions may not always be performed for the good.

HAPPINESS- this is the state of a person’s soul, this is the highest satisfaction with life. Each person puts his own understanding into this word. For a child, happiness is a peaceful sky above his head, entertainment, fun, games, loving parents. And it’s scary when a child’s happy world collapses.

1. Numbers and calculations
   1. Integers
      1. Decimal number system. Roman numbering
      2. Arithmetic operations on natural numbers
      3. Degree with natural indicator
      4. Divisibility of natural numbers. Prime and composite numbers, factoring a natural number into prime factors
      5. Signs of divisibility by 2, 3, 5, 9, 10
      6. Greatest common divisor and least common multiple
      7. Division with remainder
   2. Fractions
      1. An ordinary fraction, the main property of a fraction. Comparison of fractions
      2. Arithmetic operations with ordinary fractions
      3. Finding a part from a whole and a whole from its part
      4. Decimal fraction, comparison of decimal fractions
      5. Arithmetic operations with decimals
      6. Representation of a decimal fraction as a common fraction and a common fraction as a decimal
   3. Rational numbers
      1. Whole numbers
      2. Modulus (absolute value) of a number
      3. Comparison of rational numbers
      4. Arithmetic operations with rational numbers
      5. Degree with an integer exponent
      6. Numerical expressions, the order of operations in them, the use of parentheses. Laws of arithmetic operations
   4. Real numbers
      1. Square root of a number
      2. Third root
      3. Finding an approximate root value using a calculator
      4. The concept of an irrational number. Decimal approximations of irrational numbers. Real numbers as infinite decimals
      5. Comparison of real numbers
   5. Measurements, approximations, estimates
      1. Units of length, area, volume, mass, time, speed
      2. Dimensions of objects in the surrounding world (from elementary particles to the Universe), duration of processes in the surrounding world
      3. Representation of the relationship between quantities in the form of formulas
      4. Interest. Finding a percentage of a quantity and a quantity from its percentage
      5. Ratio, expressing a ratio as a percentage
      6. Proportion. Proportional and inversely proportional relationships
      7. Rounding numbers. Estimation and evaluation of calculation results. Isolating a multiplier - a power of ten in writing a number
2. Algebraic expressions
   1. Literal expressions (expressions with variables)
      1. Literal expressions. Numeric value of literal expression
      2. Acceptable values ​​of variables included in algebraic expressions
      3. Substituting expressions instead of variables
      4. Equality of literal expressions, identity. Expression Conversions
      5. Properties of a degree with an integer exponent
   2. Polynomials
      1. Polynomial. Addition, subtraction, multiplication of polynomials
      2. Abbreviated multiplication formulas: squared sum and squared difference; square difference formula
      3. Factoring a polynomial
      4. Square trinomial. Vieta's theorem. Factoring a quadratic trinomial into linear factors
      5. Degree and root of a polynomial with one variable
   3. Algebraic fraction
      1. Algebraic fraction. Reducing Fractions
      2. Operations with algebraic fractions
      3. Rational expressions and their transformations
      4. Properties of square roots and their applications in calculations
3. Equations and inequalities
   1. Equations
      1. Equation with one variable, root of the equation
      2. Linear equation
      3. Quadratic equation, formula for roots of quadratic equation
      4. Solving rational equations
      5. Examples of solving higher degree equations. Solving equations using the variable replacement method. Solving equations using the factorization method
      6. Equation with two variables; solving an equation in two variables
      7. System of equations; system solution
      8. System of two linear equations with two variables; solution by substitution and algebraic addition
      9. Equation with multiple variables
      10. Solving the simplest nonlinear systems
   2. Inequalities
      1. Numerical inequalities and their properties
      2. Inequality with one variable. Solution to inequality
      3. Linear inequalities with one variable
      4. Systems of linear inequalities
      5. Quadratic inequalities
   3. Word problems
      1. Solving word problems using arithmetic method
      2. Solving word problems algebraically
   4. Number sequences
      1. Concept of sequence
   5. Arithmetic and geometric progressions
      1. Arithmetic progression. Formula for the common term of an arithmetic progression
      2. Formula for the sum of the first few terms of an arithmetic progression
      3. Geometric progression. Formula for the common term of a geometric progression
      4. Formula for the sum of the first few terms of a geometric progression
      5. Compound interest
4. Functions and graphs
   1. Numeric functions
      1. The concept of function. The scope of the function. Methods for specifying a function
      2. Graph of a function, increase and decrease of a function, maximum and minimum values ​​of a function, zeros of a function, intervals of constant sign, reading graphs of functions
      3. Examples of graphical dependencies reflecting real processes
      4. A function describing a direct proportional relationship, its graph
      5. Linear function, its graph, geometric meaning of coefficients
      6. A function that describes an inversely proportional relationship and its graph. Hyperbola
      7. Quadratic function, its graph. Parabola. Parabola vertex coordinates, axis of symmetry
      8. Graph of a function
      9. Graph of a function
      10. Graph of a function
      11. Using Function Graphs to Solve Equations and Systems
5. Coordinates on a straight line and plane
   1. Coordinate line
      1. Representation of numbers by points of a coordinate line
      2. Geometric meaning of the module
      3. Numerical intervals: interval, segment, ray
   2. Cartesian coordinates on a plane
      1. Cartesian coordinates on a plane; point coordinates
      2. Coordinates of the midpoint of the segment
      3. Formula for the distance between two points on a plane
      4. Equation of a straight line, slope of a straight line, condition for parallelism of straight lines
      5. Equation of a circle
      6. Graphic interpretation of equations with two variables and their systems
      7. Graphic interpretation of inequalities with two variables and their systems
6. Geometry
   1. Geometric figures and their properties. Measurement of geometric quantities
      1. Basic concepts of geometry
      2. Corner. Right angle. Acute and obtuse angles. Vertical and adjacent angles. Angle bisector and its properties
      3. Straight. Parallelism and perpendicularity of lines
      4. Line segment. Property of the perpendicular bisector of a segment. Perpendicular and oblique to a straight line
      5. The concept of the geometric location of points
   2. Triangle
      1. Height, median, bisector, midline of a triangle; points of intersection of perpendicular bisectors, medians, altitudes or their extensions
      2. Isosceles and equilateral triangles. Properties and signs of an isosceles triangle
      3. Right triangle. Pythagorean theorem
      4. Signs of equality of triangles
      5. Triangle inequality
      6. Sum of angles of a triangle. External angles of a triangle
      7. The relationship between the sizes of the sides and angles of a triangle
      8. Thales's theorem
      9. Similarity of triangles, similarity coefficient. Signs of similarity of triangles
      10. Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent of an acute angle of a right triangle and angles from to
      11. Solving right triangles. Basic trigonometric identity. Cosine theorem and sine theorem
   3. Polygons
      1. Parallelogram, its properties and features
      2. Rectangle, square, rhombus, their properties and characteristics
      3. Trapezium, midline of trapezium; isosceles trapezoid
      4. Sum of angles of a convex polygon
      5. Regular polygons
   4. Circle and circle
      1. Central, inscribed angle; inscribed angle
      2. The relative position of a straight line and a circle
      3. Tangent and secant to a circle; equality of tangent segments drawn from one point
      4. Circle inscribed in a triangle
      5. Circle circumscribed about a triangle
      6. Inscribed and circumscribed circles of a regular polygon
   5. Measurement of geometric quantities
      1. Length of a segment, length of a broken line, perimeter of a polygon. Distance from point to line
      2. Circumference
      3. Degree measure of an angle, correspondence between the magnitude of the angle and the length of the arc of a circle
      4. Area of ​​a rectangle
      5. Area of ​​a parallelogram
      6. Area of ​​trapezoid
      7. Area of ​​a triangle
      8. Area of ​​a circle, area of ​​a sector
      9. Formulas for the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, cube, sphere
   6. Vectors on a plane
      1. Vector, length (modulus) of the vector
      2. Equality of vectors
      3. Operations on vectors (sum of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a number)
      4. Angle between vectors
      5. Collinear vectors, decomposition of a vector into two non-collinear vectors
      6. Vector coordinates
      7. Dot product of vectors
7. Statistics and probability theory
   1. Descriptive Statistics
      1. Presentation of data in the form of tables, charts, graphs
      2. Average measurement results
   2. Probability
      1. Event frequency, probability
      2. Equally possible events and calculating their probability
      3. Concept of Geometric Probability
   3. Combinatorics
      1. Solving combinatorial problems: enumeration of options, combinatorial multiplication rule