It is usually quite easy to teach a child the letters of the alphabet, but when it comes to reading syllables, problems arise. How to teach a child syllables to arouse his interest in reading? There is a special technique for this, following which you can quickly figure out how to teach a child syllables, and then how to read words. But first you need to find out what age is best to start reading lessons.
At what age is it time to teach a child to read syllables?
The optimal time for teaching a child to read is considered to be after 5 years of age. By this point, the baby is already quite well developed in thinking, memory and attentiveness, so learning will be more effective. Is it worth teaching a child to read at an earlier age and how to teach a child syllables or reading words if he is only 2 or 3 years old?
Some parents strive to teach their child to read as early as possible. After all, after 2 years, he can remember information, which means he can be taught the letters of the alphabet. But if you want to start learning at such an early age, you need to conduct it in an unobtrusive playful way, not demand quick results from the child and devote as much time to lessons as he is interested in doing it.
If your child is passionate about learning the basics of reading, there is nothing wrong with teaching him to read at an early age. But it is important to consider that if a child learns to read by the age of 3 or 4, he will need to regularly consolidate his knowledge, and do this in such a way that the baby does not lose interest. Otherwise, by the time he enters school, he will have forgotten everything, and learning will begin all over again.
How to teach a child to read syllables?
Learning to read should begin with learning the alphabet. It is best to learn letters using special sets: these can be colored cubes or a magnetic board with letters, an ABC book with pictures, or colored letters cut out from paper yourself. By the way, in order to teach a child to read syllables, it is not necessary that he knows all the letters of the alphabet. Memorizing letters and learning reading techniques can be combined.
First, it is recommended to learn open hard vowels: A, O, U, Y, E. Then show the child the voiced consonants: M and L. It is very important to pronounce consonant letters only with the sounds that they represent. There is no need to pronounce them the way they sound correctly in the alphabet - “em” and “el”, otherwise later it will be difficult for the child to understand how to form syllables from letters.
After this, you can begin to study deaf and hissing sounds: Ш, Ж, Д, Т, К. Regularly repeat the material covered. Before learning new sounds, remember those you learned in the previous lesson. After the child knows some of the vowels and consonants, you can begin reading syllables.
How to teach a child to add syllables?
Before teaching your child syllables, it is recommended to select several games and exercises with letters. To begin, simply explain to your child how letters form syllables: take two letters, a vowel and a consonant, and show how one letter runs to the second, while simultaneously voicing how a syllable is formed from them. For example, the letter M runs to the letter A, and the syllable “m-m-m-a-a-a” is obtained.
You should not expect that your child will immediately learn to read syllables, as it takes him time to understand this principle. Just show him how vowels and consonants are combined to form different syllables. Most likely, the baby will not be interested in connecting letters to each other just like that, at the request of an adult. How to teach a child to read syllables so that he does it independently and with passion? To do this, you will need games aimed at teaching your child syllables.
Cheerful little train. To play you will need a car with a body or a train with a trailer and cards with letters. Take the vowel letters that the child has already memorized well and arrange them in a circle at a distance from each other. Put some consonant letter in the train car and show the child how it goes to some station (vowel letter). While the child is carrying the letter, he must make the sound (for example, if the letter M is in the carriage, while it is traveling to the station, the child must pronounce the sound mm-mm). When the train approaches a vowel letter, the baby needs to connect the consonant letter with the vowel, pronouncing the syllable (mm-m-m-a-a-a-a).
Tape with moving letters. All you need for this educational game is paper, scissors and pencils or markers. Choose any image in which you can draw a window - a house or a car, draw it and color it. You can also print the finished drawing. Then make cuts along the side edges of the window of the house or car. Draw the vowels A, E, O, U, I, Y, E, Z on the paper tape (the width of the tape should be such that it fits into the cuts on the window). Next to the window, glue a transparent pocket where you can insert a letter (this can be done using a piece of polyethylene and tape). In this pocket, place the consonant letters M, L, N (the simplest ones) in turn, and then insert a ruler with vowels into the window and stretch it out, showing the child how syllables are made from letters.
Now you know how to teach your child to add syllables in the most understandable play form for him. When learning, do not forget to use not only syllables in which the first letter is a consonant, but also those in which the vowel comes first: AB, OM, OV, AL, etc. Before you teach your child to combine syllables into words, let him read the syllables in an ABC book for some time so that he can practice a little and consolidate the new skill. 3.8 out of 5 (8 votes)
Gone are the days when a child, being a “blank slate,” entered first grade. The child was taught everything at school: letters, numbers and other wisdom, and the parents could only help and control the development process of little Einstein. Today, not even all kindergartens teach the basics of reading and arithmetic, and the conditions for admission to an educational institution have become more stringent and without knowledge of literacy, a child may not be enrolled. Therefore, mom and dad have to arm themselves with various training manuals and begin teaching their child independently. And even if you somehow manage to master the letters, then difficulties often arise with reading. We’ll talk about how to teach a child syllables in our article.
There is time for everything, or hurry up slowly
There are hardly any parents who would not like to proudly boast to a friend that their 5-year-old child easily “swallows” Leo Tolstoy’s four-volume book “War and Peace.” But such a desire is rather from the world of fantasy. Every child is unique, and it is presumptuous to expect that reading will become his favorite pastime. It’s better not to try to force your child to catch up and surpass the children of neighbors or friends in development, but when looking for an answer to the question of how to teach a child syllables, try to trust only him: sooner or later the baby himself will declare his desire to learn to read.
You may ask: how do you understand that a child is “ripe”? Let's list a few signs:
- The baby is able to coherently retell a movie you watched or a fairy tale you read: he easily composes sentences and expresses himself clearly;
- The child can easily recognize sounds by ear. To make sure of this, invite him to repeat the syllables you pronounced: “ma-ra”, “pi-ni”, “za-na”, “bu-zu”, etc. If no problems arise, the task can be complicated , adding one more syllable (“ka-ta-ka”, “zu-bu-zu”, “la-ta-la”). Check the correct pronunciation;
- The baby easily navigates in space, knows where “right”, “left”, “up” and “down” are.
If you pass this simple exam, you can safely begin learning to read. By and large, even a five-year-old toddler with the proper level of development will not have difficulty mastering this wisdom.
How to teach a child to read syllables?
Before teaching a child syllables, it is important for parents to understand: the whole process should take place in a playful and entertaining way. In no case should you force it - this can discourage your child from reading for a long time.
Teaching a child to read syllables, as a rule, is not so difficult if you approach the issue creatively. Where to start? Naturally, with the development of vowels. There are usually no problems with them, but consonants require more thoughtful study. To avoid problems with composing syllables in the future, it is important to pronounce the consonants in sound form, that is, not “be”, but “b”; not “en”, but “n”.
You should exercise no longer than 15 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. The main thing is to do this every day so that the information received is not forgotten and is firmly entrenched in the baby’s memory.
As soon as the letters become familiar to perception and the child easily learns to recognize them, you need to start reading syllables. There is nothing complicated about this either. You can make cards, or even better, use an ABC book and start learning from the simplest. We find or write the letter “m” and pronounce it together with the child. Next, we do the same with the letter “a”. Now we can tell the story of how the letter “m” hurries to take the hand of the letter “a”, and when they meet, a very melodic “m-a” is produced. It is better to choose simple syllables, which contain only two sounds: “ka”, “da”, “na”, “ha”. Take your time - constantly repeat the material you have covered. Then start learning complex syllables: “shchi”, “chu”, “ne”, etc. After them, move on to mastering syllables starting with vowels: “an”, “od”, “us”, etc. And only when the baby has reliably mastered the material covered, you can move on to combining syllables into simple words: “ma-ma”, “re-ka”, “la-la”.
The whole learning process can be quite lengthy, and sometimes it even turns into a multi-season series “How to teach a child syllables”, and in very difficult cases, parents “watch” the last episodes after the little one enters school.
Some methods suggest learning syllables by reading them, as if in a chant, and this is where a rather serious mistake lies: the baby, having gotten used to “singing” the syllables, over time continues to do the same with reading entire sentences, connecting them into one endless word, without punctuation marks and pauses. Therefore, it is more advisable to learn to read with expression, making an appropriate pause after each word or punctuation mark.
How to teach a child to connect syllables?
When your baby can confidently manipulate syllables and pronounce them clearly with expression, it’s time to learn to read words. They should consist of two-letter syllables, be short and understandable to the child (“fish-ba”, “zu-by”, “meat-so”, “mo-lo-ko”).
Teaching a child to connect syllables, according to teachers, is very convenient, using books for preschoolers, where words are correctly divided, there are many illustrations, and the texts are quite short.
As soon as your child masters the intricacies of simple words, you can take on more complex ones without fear: “ves-na”, “doll-la”, “cat-ka”, etc. Try to choose words where the first syllable consists of three letters , and the second is of the two.
When answering the question of how to teach a child syllables, it is worth emphasizing that systematicity and constant repetition are important here. For this purpose, use pre-made cards with syllables: “ba”, “bo”, “bu”, “be”, etc. You need to make them for each consonant and vowel letter. With the help of cards it is very convenient to form words: “va” + “za” = “va-za”, “ly” + “zhi” = “ly-zhi”.
Parents must understand that each child is individual, and the speed of learning new knowledge is different for everyone. It is quite possible that you will encounter the following situations:
- The baby knows absolutely all the letters, but for some reason does not want to combine them into syllables;
- There are no problems with letters and syllables, but the little one has absolutely no desire to learn to read.
Take a closer look at your child: it is quite possible that he wants to complete the task faster, so he is in a hurry to answer; the baby forgot or mixed up some letters; he is simply afraid to master the unfamiliar and move on to a new stage of learning.
In any case, putting pressure on, let alone shouting and scolding, a child during the learning process is unacceptable. This way you will discourage him from studying for a long time. Get your baby interested, learn while playing - and you will succeed. And when you meet a friend who complains that her child does not want to learn to read, then with a clear conscience you can say: “You don’t know how to teach your child syllables? Come on, I’ll tell you.”
Text: Tatyana Okonevskaya
4.56 4.6 out of 5 (32 votes)
Isolating syllables in words is an important stage in learning to read. To teach a child to correctly divide words into syllables, and then add whole words from different syllables, you need to find the right approach and choose the right set of exercises. There are methods that allow preschoolers to be introduced to reading and syllable division at home. By starting classes at an early age, you will significantly make your child’s work easier in the future when it’s time to go to school.
Stages of learning to read
To make mastering the material easy and effective, it is worth knowing the main stages of learning to read. Haste and untimeliness in this matter will not lead to quick results, but rather will discourage the child from learning for a long time. It is also important to know the place of syllable division in learning to read.
Consider the following steps:
- sound (acquiring the skills to identify sounds in a word and name them);
- alphabetic (learning letters);
- syllable division (dividing words into syllables, identifying syllables by ear, adding them into words);
- reading words individually, in phrases and sentences.
The most important sign that a child is ready to start learning to read is his interest in letters and words. “What kind of letter is this?”, “How to write it?”, “What kind of word is this?” - all these questions signal that it’s time to start active reading.
Methods of teaching reading
There are five popular techniques.
- Sound-letter, or Elkonin's method. This is a rather complex system, aimed at the age of 6-7 years, so it is not suitable for preschoolers.
- Traditional speech therapy. N. S. Zhukova’s primer was compiled according to this system. The combination of classical and modern teaching technologies is popular in schools. It is worth introducing children to this method gradually by the age of 6 in order to simplify learning at school.
- Doman's method. Glenn Doman is a neuroscientist. He developed a system for teaching reading to mentally retarded children. At the moment, this system is also used with healthy children in the early stages of development. The method is to show the child words written in bright red letters and repeat them several times a day. In this way, visual memory develops, letters and words are memorized.
- Zaitsev's method. It is based on the addition of ready-made syllables written on cubes. Suitable for preschoolers. The method is popular, but is not officially used in schools.
- Montessori system. Children first learn to write letters using frames and special inserts, and then learn the letters themselves and the corresponding sounds.
In Doman’s method, whole words are studied at once, while in Zaitsev’s, syllables plus words are studied, so if you choose these methods, the stage of teaching syllable division merges with the letter stage. When your child knows the names of some letters and sounds and has a good vocabulary, you can incorporate the following exercises into your lessons.
A set of games and exercises
Taking into account the existing stages and methods of teaching reading, you shape the entire educational process. After the child has learned letters and sounds, you can begin to teach the child to read syllables. It is best to conduct classes in a playful way - this will make the preschooler more comfortable, and it will also increase interest in reading in general.
So, what games can be used in the learning process?
- Game “How many syllables - so many steps!” First, you should teach your child to hear syllables in words and pronounce them. You need to explain to him that the number of syllables in a word is equal to the number of vowels (you can remind him that vowels are sounds that “can sing,” and sing these sounds with him). Start this game with simple words with one or two vowels, preferably repeated: mom, dad, Sasha, hall, garden; table, yard, milk, etc. When you repeat all the vowels separately, gradually complicate the game, including words with different sounds: summer, Vova, heaven, Luntik, etc.
- "Adventurers". It is pointless to explain to children 5 years old the rules for attaching sonorant sounds to syllables, as well as transferring consonant letters to other consonants, as in the word no-ski. Use games to remember specific syllables. Draw a poster with a map of a fictional city. At each station, draw syllables in a frame with a bright felt-tip pen, start with simple ones: at station 1 - MI, at station 2 - SHA, at station 3 - DE, at station 4 - YES. Give your child a car and travel around the city with him. Ask him to name the syllables; for each correct answer, give him a chip. Reward for completing the entire game with a medal. Make several of these posters with different stations and syllables.
- "Magnets". An effective game if you set out to teach your child to divide not only simple but also complex words into syllables. Buy letter magnets and attach them to your refrigerator or magnetic board. Together with your child, make up a few words every day using syllables from magnets. This could be some kind of code to get an extra 10 minutes of watching a cartoon. Or the trick “divide the word BA-NAN into syllables and you get a banana.” Make up a complex word, for example the surname - ALEXEEVS. And ask the child to divide it into syllables. Help if he doesn't succeed.
- "House-man-vegetable." Cut out several houses and glue them to whatman paper. Each house will have a name, for example MA or TO. Cut out the little men and give each a name starting with the syllable that the houses are named with (Masha and Tom). Ask your child to correctly connect the person and the house using the first syllable. Then Masha and Tom will go to the store and buy fruits or vegetables starting with the syllables “ma” and “to” (tangerines, tomatoes). Cut out or draw a store with various products.
- "Write in the sand." We learn to write letters on multi-colored semolina. Children like to draw in the sand; you can buy multi-colored sand in the store, or paint semolina, put it on a tray and show your child how to write various letters and syllables. This develops fine motor skills and creativity.
- “Combine the syllables into words.” You can gradually move on to more complex exercises. Write syllables on cards and ask them to form a word. Suggest short words first, then long ones. Make a pyramid of words: the shortest word is at the top, and the longest at the bottom.
- “I’m following the trail.” Write words on A4 sheets of paper, distribute the sheets throughout the apartment, and at the finish line put a prize (a toy, a ticket for attractions), ask the child to follow in the footsteps. Stepping on each one, he needs to name the word syllable by syllable. You can also write individual syllables so that with each step the child gets a new word. By performing this simple but interesting exercise, the child will learn to connect syllables.
- “Find another word in the word.” DID (dinner, gave), GARDEN (city, clan), etc.
- Texts for reading to preschoolers. Small texts from which a child can begin to read syllables in words. Use rhyming texts and pure sayings (“Mom washed the frame”, “We have fun in the village”). First, the child must remember the entire phrase, and then divide it into syllables.
Remember: play is an optional activity, so don’t force your child to do something he doesn’t want, but rather motivate him or reschedule the activity for another time. The more colorful the game is, the longer the preschooler will be occupied with it, and the better the results will be.
Thanks to these exercises, your child will learn to read quickly and correctly.
Many of us still remember that same red primer with the big bright letter “A” on the cover. Thanks to this book, millions of children quickly learned to read. Time has passed, and now these children have matured and become parents themselves. But now they no longer turn to the very book from which they themselves once learned to read. Nowadays, there are so many methods in fashion for teaching children to read that you can easily get confused as to what to choose in order to quickly teach your child to read and, most importantly, correctly. Tyulenev's methodology is intended for teaching babies almost from the cradle; Zaitsev's cubes and Maria Montessori's rough letters promise miracles in learning. Young parents rush between all these methods, and with them, so does their child.
And yet, how to teach a child to read, which method to give preference to, when to start learning and where? These questions concern many young fathers and mothers. But few of them think about the fact that learning letters and being able to put them into words and phrases with sentences is not at all the most important thing.
Nowadays early development of children is very fashionable. As soon as a child is one year old, they begin to teach him to read and count. But it has already been proven that this is fraught with consequences for the developing psyche of children. The belief that the earlier a child’s education begins, the better is wrong. According to neurologists, parents who strive for very early education can harm their baby.
Let's figure out how a child is formed.
– From the early stages of pregnancy and up to three years, the formation of the first functional block of the brain occurs, which is responsible for the emotional, cognitive and bodily perception of the child.
– At the age of three and up to five to eight years, the second functional block of the brain is formed. It controls perception: vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch.
According to ophthalmologists, early learning of a child to read is fraught with consequences for the eyes - myopia may develop from premature visual stress. Experts do not recommend teaching reading earlier than five or six years of age. Before this age, the formation of the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for visual acuity, occurs.
– The development of a child’s conscious mental activity occurs between the ages of seven and fifteen years.
The functional blocks of the brain are formed sequentially. All attempts by parents to “jump” any of the stages will negatively affect the development of natural processes that occur in the child’s body at one time or another. There is simply a distortion in the natural development of the baby. The effects of a child's early education may not be immediately apparent. That is what they are fraught with. Years later, this can affect emotional and personal relationships with people. It can also result in an unpredictable form: stuttering, tics, neuroses, various speech disorders and obsessive movements.
How to determine that a child is physiologically ready to learn to read?
– the child has developed speech, he can speak in sentences and compose a coherent story;
– the baby has no speech therapy disorders. Moreover, here we mean not only the correct pronunciation of individual sounds, but also violations of the rhythm and melody of speech;
– the child is well oriented in space, without getting confused in the concepts of up and down, right - left;
– the child’s phonemic hearing is quite developed – he easily recognizes sounds not only at the beginning of a word, but also in its middle part and at the end of the word.
How to teach a child to read correctly so as not to cause tears, reproaches and resentment? This question is asked most often by parents of future first-graders. Of course, you can stick to the method that is familiar to everyone. It comes down to daily monotonous activities, during which the child learns to write hooks and sticks, and also reads an ABC book. But all fathers and mothers know that such activities bring boredom, fatigue and irritation; the child does not learn to read thoughtfully. As a result, a reluctance to study develops. And although the child will receive certain knowledge and skills, such training is unlikely to become for him a good school for the development of feelings and emotions, as well as a means of understanding the world around him and himself in it. To make learning an exciting game and turn it into a joint creative process between children and adults, so that the child learns to read correctly and quickly, choose a different path.
Just as babies learn to understand spoken language, they must learn to read words and sentences. But the most important thing is that it is quite real and the facts confirm it.
Scientists have proven that the eye sees, but is not aware of what it sees; the ear perceives sound, but does not understand what it hears. The whole process of understanding this happens purely in the brain.
When we hear a spoken word or sentence, the sounds are split into several electrochemical impulses that are sent to the brain. Our brain connects all these impulses together and perceives their meaning and meaning. A similar effect occurs with vision. Our eyes see what is written, but do not understand it. The brain does not see what is written, but understands it.
The visual and auditory endings are passed through the brain, which processes the information received. If a child had to master only one of many skills, then such a skill would undoubtedly be the ability to read. It is the basis of all types of standard, formal and informal learning.
How to quickly teach a child to read so that he doesn’t get tired and lose interest? Exercise regularly, but not for long. For the first lessons, five to ten minutes will be enough. Gradually this time can be increased to thirty minutes. Conduct the lesson in the form of a game - it should be easy, interesting and not boring for the child.
Before you start reading techniques, learn all the letters with your baby. Cubes will help very well with this. The pictures drawn on them will help you recognize the object and associate it with the letter. Teach your child to correctly name the letters: watermelon - “A”, house - “D”, etc. Play a game with your child - ask him to find the letter “A”. At the same time, do not rush to give hints. The child must learn to find the right cube on his own. If he can't do it, he needs help.
10 important tips to help you teach your child to read correctly:
What reading teaching method should I follow? When teaching your child to read syllables, give preference to the usual primer, which was compiled by K. Zhukova. This book is an effective assistant for a child who is learning to understand how to put letters into syllables, syllables into words, and these words into whole sentences. There are not many pictures in the book, but there are enough of them so that the child does not get bored.
In what order should vowels and consonants be taught? First, we teach the child open vowels - A, O, U, E, Y. Now you can start with solid consonants - M, N. But make sure that the child pronounces them correctly: not “um”, and not “me”, but simply “m”. Next in line are dull and hissing sounds: Ш, С, etc.
Don’t forget to review the material from the previous lesson with your child at each lesson. Remember together what sounds you learned in the last lesson. By reinforcing the material you have covered, you will help your child develop a competent reading mechanism.
Look in the ABC book. Show your baby how the first letter of the syllable “m” rushes to the second letter “a”. Explain to your child that this is how it should be pronounced: mm-ma-a-a - mm-ma-a-a. In such an accessible form, the child understands that one letter runs to another. As a result, they are spoken together, without separating from each other.
Now let's start learning simple syllables. To easily teach a child to read, you need to start with simple syllables that have only two letters: ma, la, ra, mu, mo. The child must master and understand how two letters form a syllable. It is important for him to master the mechanism of reading syllables. After he understands this, he will easily learn to read more complex syllables - with dull and hissing consonants: shi, yes, vo, etc.
You can start learning more complex syllables. Don't rush to read words or books. Let your child better understand the mechanism of reading syllables. Just complicate the task - read with it syllables that begin with a vowel: am, av, he, up.
After all the syllables have been mastered, we begin to read the simplest words: “ma-ma”, “ra-ma”, “we-lo”.
How easy is it to teach a child to read syllables? Be sure to teach your child to pronounce syllables correctly. This is a guarantee that he will learn to read well. Note. According to one of the methods, teachers and educators in kindergartens teach children to sing syllables. Kids quickly get used to this and sing the syllables constantly in one breath. However, they do not make any pauses between words. Some kids get so carried away that they sing the entire paragraph without observing punctuation marks - periods, exclamation marks and question marks. If you decide to teach your child to read, do it well. You don't need to let your child sing everything. Draw his attention to pauses between words, and especially between sentences. Teach your child to this order: sang a word - pause, sang the second - pause. In the future, he himself will learn to shorten pauses. But at the beginning of training it is simply necessary to do them.
At what age is it best to teach a child to read? You shouldn't get ahead of things. At the age of three or four, it is unlikely that your child will be interested in poring over books, learning to read and put letters into syllables. At this age it is definitely too early to start learning to read. The only exceptions are those cases when the child himself clearly demonstrates his desire for this.
But at the age of five and six, children must be taught so that they can read and write words in block letters. Those children who go to kindergarten are taught this by their teachers. If your baby does not attend kindergarten, you will have to work with the child. Let your grandparents take on this responsibility, at least partially. As a last resort, hire a tutor. This is necessary because modern methods assume that the child will come to first grade already prepared and reading syllables. This is also important from a psychological point of view. If you teach your child to read before school, in the first grade it will be easy for him to read and the first stress from school will be avoided.
To quickly and correctly teach your child to read syllables, turn studying into a game. You should not force your child to read expressively or fluently. It is much more important that he independently be able to put letters into syllables, read them in a book, and be able to compose words, phrases and sentences. He simply needs to master the reading technique. It doesn’t matter if at first it is slow and difficult for the baby. While remaining calm, smoothly and quietly help him correct mistakes while reading. Let it be like a game. After all, in the game you can relax without getting stressed. In the process of learning to read, what you need to achieve is that the child, without straining, understands what the elders want from him.
If you follow these tips, you will be able to teach your baby to read fairly well in just a month or a month and a half.
If your child can already read whole phrases passably syllable by syllable, we gradually move on to teaching the child to read fluently. Below are 14 lessons with which you can teach your child to read fluently, and most importantly, correctly. It is advisable to teach a six- to seven-year-old child to read fluently for no more than 30 minutes once or twice a day. You can complete these lessons in any order. No more than 4 lessons per day.
How to properly develop a child’s vigilance
Try this task:
– In a series of five or six vowel letters, insert one consonant. Invite your child to find the extra letter. You can vary this task.
– Write down words in which only one letter is different: whale – cat; juice - bough; forest - weight, etc. The child must answer how the words differ from each other.
Gymnastics that develops articulation in a child
These activities help improve your pronunciation, promote proper breathing, and help make your speech clearer.
Game “make a word from halves”
Choose simple words consisting of two syllables. One lesson will require at least ten words. Write these words on two cards and ask your child to put the words together correctly. Cards need to be changed constantly.
How to quickly train attention
The task is as follows. Your baby is reading text in a book. At your command “Stop!” he takes his eyes off the book, closes them and rests. On the command “Read!” the child must find the fragment where he paused his reading.
Semantic guess (anticipation)
The principle of anticipation - when reading, the child’s peripheral vision sees the outline of the next word. From what he reads, he draws a conclusion - which word should come next.
To develop a semantic guess, you can do the following exercise with your child. Write words in which either a letter or a syllable is missing. Give your child the opportunity to guess which letters need to be written. These activities significantly improve a child's ability to learn to read fluently.
Teach your child parallel reading
You will need two identical texts. Start reading slowly, and let your child read after you, following the lines with your finger. Gradually speed up the pace, but make sure your baby doesn't lag behind.
Reading for a while
Choose simple text. Record the time (for example, a minute) and let the child read. When the time is up, count how many words the child managed to read in a minute. When reading again, the child will read more words.
To develop clear pronunciation, read tongue twisters with your child. Read them slowly and in a whisper at first. Then - confidently and loudly. Make sure your child pronounces the endings of words clearly. In the same way, read proverbs and sayings with your child.
Game "make an accent"
Choose a word with several syllables and try with your child to emphasize each syllable. The child must determine which accent is correct.
Try to involve your child in the reading process. When reading your favorite fairy tale to him, stop at the most interesting place. Say that you are tired of reading and ask your child to read a short passage of text.
Watch filmstrips
This activity is the best way to train your reading technique.
How to develop a child's visual field
a) Draw a table. Write one letter in each box. Invite your child to read them all to himself, pointing to the letters with a pencil. You need to read as quickly as possible and remember the sequence of letters.
To teach your child to read fluently, practice reading upside down text. This is how memorization of complete letter patterns develops. The child will learn to combine the semantic ending of a word with letter analysis. Do not start this exercise right away, but when the child learns to read without errors. Thanks to this exercise, the child will learn to read quickly and correctly.
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Explaining to a preschool child how letters are combined into syllables is quite difficult due to the peculiarities of a preschooler’s thinking. Therefore, many teachers and psychologists disagree on ways to teach preschool children to read syllables.
Currently, there are two main ways: putting letters into syllables and memorizing syllables as whole reading units.
First way involves letter-by-letter naming and combining letters into a syllable. "N, O - what happens?" It is not recommended to ask: “N and O - what will happen?” - this will break the unity of the letters and prevent the child from forming the syllable correctly. Modern preschool pedagogy suggests using various auxiliary techniques when working in this version. Here are some of them.
An adult uses a pencil (pointer) to show the first letter, then moves the pencil (pointer) to the second letter, connecting them with a “path”. At the same time, he pulls out the first letter until the child “runs along the path to the second letter.” The second letter must be read so that “the track does not break.”
- An adult holds one letter in his hands, the child reads, at the same time another letter is brought from afar, and the first one “falls”, and the child moves on to reading a new letter.
- An adult holds a card in his hands with letters written on both sides. The child reads the letter on one side, the adult turns the card over to the other side, and the child reads the second letter.
The chain of reasoning when reading a syllable using sound-letter analysis will look like this: “The letter I after a consonant denotes its softness, thus, in the combination VI, the letter B denotes a soft sound. It turns out VI.” And what will be the chain when reading, for example, the words CROCODILES? Can a child easily learn to read in this “long” way? Yes, there are children even of early preschool age (three and four years old) who are able to successfully master reading skills in this way. But for most children this method is too difficult. Often, despite the use of the auxiliary techniques outlined above, the development of reading skills is difficult, interest in classes is lost, psychological problems are formed: due to failures, self-esteem decreases, refusals to study appear.
Second way Teaching a preschool child to read syllables is close to his age-related capabilities and characteristics and is based on the use of the unique properties of the memory of a small child. Let's figure out what this method is.
Try to read any sentence and at the same time observe how words are formed from letters. You will find that you are simply reproducing different types of syllables from memory, and then making sense of their combinations! It is recollection that helps us read quickly, bypassing the stage of constructing chains of inferences about the sound-letter composition of a word.
Based on this observation, it can be understood that it is easier for a child to learn to read by memorizing a system of reading units - fusion syllables, that is, syllables consisting of a consonant letter and a subsequent vowel letter.
Another argument in favor of learning a merging syllable: our articulatory apparatus (lips, tongue, teeth, vocal cords) forms the syllable as one unit. Try to observe yourself as you pronounce the syllables. For example, say VA. You will feel that your articulatory apparatus does not pause between B and A.
You need to memorize syllables according to this method of teaching reading according to the same scheme that is used when memorizing letters: - repeated naming of the syllable by an adult (“This is MA, and this is MU”);
- searching for a syllable according to an adult’s instructions, followed by naming (“Find the syllable MU, color it in. Which syllable did you color in?”);
- independent naming and reading of a syllable.
The choice of how to teach your child to read a syllable is yours. Try both methods, choose the one that suits your child best, or combine these methods in teaching.
But in any case, use only game situations, avoid edification and coercion. Offer your child different game plots (shop, construction site, cargo transportation, etc.) using fusion syllables written on cards. You will find options for such games in the article "Games with syllables".