home Body Summer: where is a good place for a Muslim woman to relax? Nuances of rental relations according to Sharia Koran and Noble Sunnah on rent

Summer: where is a good place for a Muslim woman to relax? Nuances of rental relations according to Sharia Koran and Noble Sunnah on rent

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu, dear sisters!
In today's article I want to talk about how we visited the Maldives a couple of weeks ago. I usually write about the hotel, public places and attractions. But today I want to write about something completely different.

I was about 6 years old when I first watched the program “In the World of Animals”, they showed the Maldives and living creatures underwater world this place. How these shots surprised me, subhanAllah! Time passed, but the dream of visiting these islands did not leave me. Pictures from the Maldives have always fascinated me, and I wondered if there were such places on Earth created by Allah? And now my dream has come true, glory to Allah!

What kind of country is the Maldives?
Just imagine, a state in which more than 99.66% of the territory is occupied by ocean waters. The remaining 0.34% of the land is 1190 coral islands, and only 1/6 of them are inhabited by people.
Such a unique geographical location could not but affect the development of infrastructure and culture. After all, the Maldives are nothing more than a cluster of isolated territories surrounded by water. Each (!) inhabited island, even if it is the smallest, has its own mosque, power plant, sewage treatment system, water desalination system, television tower and a huge refrigerator for storing food supplies.

By religion, 98% of the inhabitants of the Maldives belong to the Sunnis, the largest and most traditional Islamic movement, that is, almost all the inhabitants are Muslims.

So, we arrived early in the morning by plane, flying through Dubai. This time the children stayed with their beloved grandparents, so my husband and I enjoyed the flight and the views from the window and didn’t think about anything. We flew to the capital of the Maldives - the city of Male. I can’t say anything about it, since we immediately left for the island that we had chosen in advance for a week’s stay - the island of Maafushi.

In general, there are two types of islands for tourists: resort islands and islands where the local population lives.

The island resort is a small island that can be leisurely walked around the perimeter in 15-20 minutes, and there is only one hotel on this island. And areas for service personnel. All. In general, for the majority of non-Muslim Russian tourists traveling to the Maldives, a big surprise is the fact that the country is deeply Muslim. But another fact comes as an even greater surprise - there are no rules for the import of alcohol at all, that is, it is impossible to bring alcohol to the Maldives, just as you cannot buy it on the island where the local population lives. Except for these resort islands. There, alcohol is served freely - specifically for tourists. There are also animation programs and music discos. There are a lot of Russian tourists on such islands.

And the second type of islands are the islands where the local Muslim population lives. We lived on one such island - Maafushi Island.

SubhanAllah, frankly speaking, for the first time I experienced incredible surprise from everything I saw. I'll start in order:

1. White sandy beaches, coconut palms and crystal clear water, lush green greenery - all this left a colossal shock in my memory. Mashallah, looking at all this, my heart literally “burst” with delight. It is impossible to describe, these miracles of Allah must be seen with your own eyes at least once in your life! “Allahu Akbar” was all I could say, looking at all this beauty.

Of course, having arrived from a country where it was -15C, we immediately wanted to swim, but the most interesting thing happened when we asked where the Muslim beach was.
We were told that the beach is everywhere for Muslims, but for non-Muslims there is a separate area with a high, opaque fence. And what’s more, you can only swim in an open swimsuit on this beach, but in other areas it is prohibited - only in a burkini.

Mashallah, I’m used to the fact that Muslims are fenced off separately, I was surprised that on this island I can swim wherever I want and will not be afraid to meet women with bare aura, subhanAllah!

The water in the ocean is very warm, and the shores seem to be created for the convenience of human swimming. The sun is high, almost always at its zenith. The air is warm and the wind is pleasant. The weather is very comfortable, mashaAllah.

2. Maafushi Island is home to approximately 2,500 indigenous Muslim residents. And 2 mosques were built for 2500 people. Azan can be heard everywhere: in a hotel, on the beach, in a store, on the street. I didn’t even open the application with prayer times, it’s simply not needed there. Only the deaf will not hear the adhan, which comes simultaneously from the minarets of two mosques.

I would like to talk separately about mosques. These are the most beautiful and clean buildings on the island. Nowhere else have I seen such a reverent attitude towards the “house” of Allah. People walk barefoot in mosques, even in toilets (!). Toilets are a separate matter. Cleanest, with all amenities. This became a revelation for me, aroused incredible respect for the people of the Maldives, and I felt incredibly ashamed of the state of our toilets in the mosques of Kazan.
The whole island smells delicious everywhere, whether it’s air fresheners, or whether it’s flowers and greenery that smell so fragrant, I still don’t understand.

There are a lot of people in the mosques; there are 3-4 rows of believers for morning prayers. We went to prayers in mosques, they beckon us with their beauty, cleanliness and peace.

3. Lack of music on the island. At all. We were in a “halal” hotel in Turkey a couple of years ago, and the loud music gave me a headache almost every day. Immediately I was surprised at my calmness and tranquility. There is only one “music” on the island - azan. There are no discos, animation programs, or musical evenings in hotels; even on the beach, non-Muslims have no music.

4. Complete absence of alcohol and “halal” food. The import of alcohol and pork is prohibited on the island. All meat on the island is halal. Separately, I wanted to talk about food. Basically, the menu has a lot of fish - tuna, reef fish and seafood. Wonderful, tasty fish and cheaper than beef or chicken. Here it’s the other way around in Russia, such fish is very expensive, so for almost a week I ate only fish, for future use. Lots of vegetables and fruits. Very tasty fruits: mango, papaya, coconut. Exotic fruits are inexpensive (when compared with prices in Russia). Everything else - clothes, souvenirs, cosmetics - are a little expensive, it’s better to take your own. The food is fresh and clearly prepared with care. There were no stomach upsets, alhamdulillah.

5. Excursions. The main entertainment in the Maldives is traveling to different islands. We went to the island of Biadu and Vada. These are resort islands.

Biadu is a beautiful island with a lot of greenery, rich in various birds, crabs and other animals. With a very beautiful underwater view. There I had to go snorkeling for the first time.

Snorkeling is swimming with a mask and snorkel over the water. Incredible views, mashaAllah! I swam next to such beautiful fish! Purple, pink, black, silver and even light green! I didn’t see what kind of creatures of Allah there, subhanAllah! This is such beauty!

Vadu Island is a typical resort island, with a small area but a large fresh water pool.
You arrive for the excursion early in the morning by boat and are picked up in the evening, after sunset.

6. Local residents. In general, all week I was busy watching them. Calm, measured, smiling and hospitable. All women wear hijabs, and even girls aged 7-8 years already wear headscarves. Every day I watched schoolgirls running to classes, wearing colorful headscarves, and for the first time I regretted that my daughter was not with me, she would have seen that there are schools where all the girls are in hijabs, and even outside in 30C heat, they play and run with their heads covered. Women are mainly involved in raising children and at home; mostly men work.

In general, for the first time I saw how people live and rely on Allah. We are running somewhere, trying to earn more money, buy a bigger apartment, a dacha, better than our neighbor’s, a more expensive fur coat, a more modern car. And somewhere people live on a small island and thank Allah 5 times a day all together, for the fact that they were not flooded, for the fact that they have fish, tourists who bring at least a small income. Women protect their aura, avoid unfamiliar men, give birth a lot, and raise conscientiously. The men work diligently, behave very reservedly with tourists (unlike the Turks or Egyptians), and do not deceive. Everyone prays 5 times a day, avoiding forbidden things as best they can, subhanAllah. Living there, I was once again convinced that happiness is living according to the laws of Islam. The laws of Islam are the most correct laws established by God. It's impossible not to love them. And the people of the Maldives proved this to me once again.

After a trip to the Maldives to the island of Maafushi, where local Muslims live, I realized that this is a holiday in accordance with Sharia. There you relax not only with your body, but also with your soul! Once again you are convinced of the greatness of our Creator! After all, no one else could create a more harmonious and beautiful world! This place cannot be compared with Turkey, Egypt, or Dubai! This is a completely different vacation.

I didn’t write anything about the hotel where we lived. Simply because it really doesn’t matter what hotel you live in, it becomes so secondary. But our hotel was very clean, the breakfasts were delicious and filling, and the staff were very friendly!

Many people write to me and ask how we went there, since ordinary operators do not sell trips to local islands, but only to resort islands? I answer: we traveled through. Now, a trip per person costs 59,900 rubles, this price includes:

Flight
- accommodation in a 3* hotel;
- buffet breakfast;
- meeting at the airport.
- transfer to the hotel after arrival.

A boat will pick you up right at the airport and take you to Maafushi.
Why do I advise you to go to Maafushi and not to the resort island:
- no alcohol or pork, all food is halal.
- lack of entertainment with music.
- two mosques.
- Muslim beaches.
- few Russian-speaking tourists.
- women in a closed aura.
- beautiful beach and nature.
- many restaurants with inexpensive and fresh food (lunch or dinner on the ocean will cost you around 500 rubles per person).
- friendly locals. An opportunity to see and study the life and everyday life of ordinary Maldivians. Indeed, in the Koran (49:13), it is said: “O people, Verily We have created you from male and female and made you nations and tribes so that you may recognize each other, and the most revered of you is the most God-fearing Verily, Allah is the Knower "Knowing."
Mashallah!

©Rimma Kashapova specially for Maidenly

People relax in different ways: whether it is active or passive relaxation, the main thing is that it brings pleasure and gives a surge of strength until the next holiday season.

Relaxation is, of course, good, but it is worth discussing its availability in relation to “halal”. It is known that for Muslims there are several requirements regarding recreation: permitted food, a place for prayer, for women - a deserted swimming area, but these are, perhaps, the main ones. It seems that everything is not so bad: as for halal food, I think you can do without meat for several days and eat fish and vegetable dishes, or kosher food, a place for reading namaz - all free space, as long as it is clean and in the right direction , and a Muslim woman can take a swim by looking for a deserted place or wearing a special swimsuit - a “burkini”; now, fortunately, there are ones for every taste and budget.

And the spirit of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us...

The resorts of the Krasnodar Territory are considered the most popular among Russians, since Soviet times: these are the cities of Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik. This is explained by the fact that the climate there is subtropical, the sea remains warm for a long time, and the shallow sandy beaches traditionally attract tourists with children, and a foreign passport is not required. This summer I was able to relax in these parts, namely in the city of Adler, and also managed to visit nearby Abkhazia, which met with its famous resorts Pitsunda and Gagra. I will compare all the pros and cons of Muslim holidays in these regions. In Adler, we rented a room with a bath and toilet in a huge house, because in the hotel I was not happy with the prospect of night partying and noisy music until the morning, as well as drinking alcohol on the part of its inhabitants. The sea is two minutes from the house, but the beach is completely covered with vacationers, and no matter how much we tried to find a secluded place, it never worked out. Resigned, I swam in a special suit. It turned out to be not so bad! The suit dries easily, allows the sun's rays to pass through, and most importantly, there are no sunburns on the skin. It is very easy to bear the heat there, because the climate is not humid, and even at 38 degrees you feel good in clothes. I probably looked exotic in my clothes for tourists, vacationers, practically naked and even walking around the city in swimsuits! The attitude of the local population was respectful, everyone tried to get to know and talk about my religion better. As for food: despite the nearby North Caucasus and its local wide range of halal products, in Adler, I couldn’t find it even in large supermarkets. The only thing that was there was a Sochi-made sausage called “Muslim”, marked without pork, but you and I know that not everything is “halal”, what with the name “Muslim”. This is how I spent the fish and vegetable days of my vacation, which I don’t regret at all.

Abkhazia. To get there, you need to cross the border between Russia and Abkhazia, and this is a little, a lot from an hour to three, or even more. Just entering the territory of this country amazes with its beauty! This is the most wonderful corner of the earth with the clearest sea and gentle sun. Charming nature, architectural monuments and beautiful places make a holiday in this country simply unforgettable. And these mountains, crashing into the clouds and with rushing rivers piercing them, are extremely breathtaking.

Holidays here are much calmer than in noisy Sochi, the sea is the cleanest and calmest on the entire Black Sea coast, the climate is milder. If you try, you can find a remote place for swimming for Muslim women, who, by the way, can be found on the street. Prices are inexpensive, but you will have to fork out more for souvenirs, since the main income of the local population is tourism, which lasts from May to October. As for food, everything is not so sad. One of my Muslim acquaintances, who was vacationing here in one of the boarding houses, said that the administrator made sure that separate food was prepared for her; it turns out that they had already had cases of Muslim women vacationing. What struck me most was the mixture of two religions: Muslim (since it is beyond the North Caucasus mountains) and Christian, but, of course, today the latter predominates. The country is very ancient, there are few new buildings, a lot of post-war destruction, and there is not even a functioning train station or airport, but even this will not overshadow a truly pleasant time there.

It’s good in Russia, but better abroad!

My friend decided to spend her holidays abroad - in Turkey, they say, it’s better and more comfortable there for a Muslim woman. And, indeed! While I was “steaming” in search of a secluded place for swimming, Aliya was relaxing and sunbathing on the beach of the hotel’s swimming pool, protected from the gaze of men, which is surrounded by a fence, where there is no alcohol, men, discotheques, etc. Not all hotels there are like this, but this particular one, called “Caprice,” was fully consistent with the Muslim way of life; the rooms even have a prayer mat and an indication of the Qibla direction.

“During my vacation, there were no problems with food, since everything in Turkey is halal, or with the language, since Turkish is similar to my native Tatar, and although it was not easy, I understood the speech and could express myself. I sunbathed as much as I wanted, though near our pool, and in the sea I swam in a burkini, since the beaches here are also crowded with tourists, but there were a lot of girls there in similar clothes.”, - shares Aliya.

“And I was on holiday in Egypt, in Hurghada. I really liked everything, the food is not halal everywhere, but there are cafes and restaurants. There are a lot of Muslim tourists, our hotel was an ordinary one, but I also heard that there are hotels there with closed beaches where you can sunbathe.”, - said Diana.

And here’s what another friend of mine, who has been living in Dubai for several years, told me: “We have special days set aside exclusively for the female population on the beach - this is Monday, where all Muslim women can safely sunbathe and swim, without fear of the gaze of men. And in general, it seems to me that the most wonderful holiday for Muslims who love comfort and novelty is in Dubai, everything was created here to make Muslim women feel good!”, - said Aida.

Every year, Muslim holidays are becoming more and more in demand and many travel companies are striving to create certain conditions for those interested. Thus, Muslim women will soon be able to relax in comfort in Italy. According to the travel agency "Legend" in the city of Riccione, local authorities decided to make specialized beaches for Muslim women. A special bay on the coast of this resort will be fenced and closed from men, and only women will be lifeguards. This initiative is due to the fact that over the past few years Riccione has become a favorite holiday destination for tourists from the Arab Peninsula.

Diniya Gelmutdinova

The very word “hijra” (migration) has precisely this meaning, and for this purpose it is obligatory for a Muslim. If a Muslim continues to live in the country of infidels, then this indicates his friendly ties with them, and therefore Allah forbade Muslims to live among infidels if they are able to migrate (hijra). Allah Almighty said: “Those whom the angels lay to rest for doing injustice to themselves will say: “What was your situation?” They will say: “We were weak on earth.” They will say: “Was not the earth of Allah large enough for you to move in it?” Hell will be their abode. How bad is this place of arrival! This does not apply only to those weak men, women and children who cannot manage and find no way out. Allah can forgive such people, for Allah is Forgiving and Forgiving!”

(an-Nisa 4:97-99).

Allah will not accept the justification of those who lived in the countries of the infidels, except those who were not able to make the hijrah, as well as those whose stay there benefits the religion, such as calling people to Allah and spreading Islam among the infidels*.*[Note]: The words of the Sheikh that it is necessary to move from the land of infidels to the countries of Muslims, if possible, is the basis. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “I am not involved with every Muslim who lives among polytheists”

Also, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah, the Most High and Great, will not accept his deeds from a polytheist who has accepted Islam until he leaves the polytheists and migrates to Muslims.” . an-Nasai 5/83, Ibn Majah 2536. Sheikh al-Albani called the hadith good.

Imam al-Sindi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “Hijra (migration) from the land of polytheists to the land of Muslims is obligatory for everyone who believes. And the one who does not do this is a disobedient person who deserves that Allah will not accept his deeds!” See “Hashiya ‘ala Sunani-Nnasai” 6/83.

Hijra occupies an important place in Islam, and it has many benefits, which include, among other things: “reducing the number of infidels and increasing the number of Muslims; helping Muslims against enemies; protecting your faith from temptation; not seeing openly committed vices and debauchery in the lands of infidels, and much more.” See “Silsilatul-manakhy ash-shar’iya” 3/217.

Hijra from the land of infidels to the land of Muslims is basically obligatory, but if a Muslim living in the land of infidels, without fear for his religion and himself, can openly profess Islam, without fear for his religion and himself, then for him hijra becomes desirable, but not mandatory. Otherwise, a person who does not perform hijrah, when he has the opportunity to do so, falls under the threats that Allah spoke about in the Quran. Hafiz Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “Scholars are unanimous that anyone who fears for their religion and has the opportunity to migrate must do so.”. See “Tafsir Ibn Kathir” 2/389.

An-Nawawi wrote: “A Muslim who is in a weak position in the land of the infidels (darul-kufr) and who is not able to openly practice his religion there is prohibited from residing in this country, and he is obliged to make the hijra to an Islamic country (darul-Islam).” See “Raudatu-ttalibin” 10/282.

However, many Muslims believe that openly practicing their religion consists only of performing religious rituals, such as prayer, fasting, visiting a mosque, wearing a beard, headscarves, etc. In fact, the concept of “open profession of religion” (izharu-ddeen) carries a broader meaning, and this includes, first of all, the fact that a Muslim can openly speak about the true beliefs of Islam, that the unbelief of the infidels is a delusion, that the truth – this is only Islam. See “ad-Duraru-ssaniya” 7/136-141 and “ar-Rasail wa Masail an-Najdiyya” 3/30.

Allah Almighty said about this: “Say (Muhammad): “O you infidels! I do not worship what you worship, and you do not worship Him Whom I worship” (al-Kafirun 109: 1-3).

Sheikh ‘Abdur-Rahman al-Sa’di said that if a Muslim is able to openly pray and fast, but is unable to openly demonstrate his monotheism, iman and ‘aqida, then he is one who is unable to openly demonstrate his religion. He said that the land of infidels is of two types: the one that fights and oppresses Muslims, and the one that does not fight and is safe for Muslims. An indication of this is that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) allowed his companions to migrate from Mecca, which was a land of oppression and temptation for Muslims, to the land of Ethiopia, despite the fact that it was also a land of unbelief. However, this land was safe and it was much calmer than the land of temptation and turmoil, and for this reason the Companions could openly practice their religion in it. But the companions did not openly speak about the error of Christians until the Quraysh informed the ruler of Ethiopia that they were saying about ‘Isa, that he was not God, but a slave and messenger of Allah. And only when Najasha, the ruler of Ethiopia, called the Muslims who had moved to his land and asked about it, they answered as it is, without distorting the truth that ‘Isa is the messenger and servant of Allah. See “al-Majmu'a al-kamilah” 7/68-69, abbreviated.

Based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that the basis of Islam is that a Muslim is obliged to openly manifest his religion, both its rituals (namaz, fasting, etc.), and the very creed of Islam (like monotheism, hatred of polytheism and infidels ). A Muslim is not obliged to publicly announce the error of the infidels if the infidels already know that this Muslim has such a belief. But if he is asked about it, he must say it. All of the above drops from him only in the absence of the ability. However, in our time, many infidels do not know the true attitude of Islam towards their disbelief and false ideologies. And how will they know this if ideas are spread among Muslims that it is necessary to unite all divine religions, and these are Islam, Christianity and Judaism?! And this is despite the fact that Christians do not consider Islam, Judaism or any other religion to be the truth, just as Jews do not consider either Islam, Christianity or any other religion to be the truth!

As for living in infidel countries, it carries enormous harm and temptations for the Muslim religion. Sheikh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “Living in infidel countries poses a great danger to the religion, morals and behavior of Muslims! We saw changes in many of those who lived in these countries, we saw how they returned not the same as when they left. They returned as wicked people, and some even returned as apostates and infidels who mocked religion and Muslims, may Allah save us from this!” See “Majmu'u fatawa” No. 388.

They asked the scholars of the Standing Committee (al-Lajnatu-ddayimah): “Is the hijra allowed to enter the land of the infidels to work?” They have replyed: “If you want a job and income, then go to the country of Muslims for this. The countries of Muslims are richer than the countries of infidels due to the fact that when traveling to the countries of infidels there is a danger to belief, religion and morals.”. See “Fataawa al-Lajna” 12/58.

Sheikh Salim al-Hilali said: “I have not seen Muslims weaker in faith (iman) than those of them who lived in the countries of infidels!” See “Silsilatul-manakhy ash-shar’iya” 3/218.

However, nowadays you can hear how some Muslims, in response to the given arguments for the importance of hijra, say: “In our days, it is impossible and there is no place to do hijra!” And they claim this despite the words of Allah Almighty, who says: “O My believing servants! Verily, My land is vast, so worship Me!”(al-‘Ankabut 29: 56).

Allah Almighty also said: “Whoever migrates in the path of Allah will find many refuges and abundance on earth.”(an-Nisa 4: 100).

As for some of the lost, they went even further and called such a great injunction of Islam as the hijra - cowardice. Holy Allah, how disgusted they are!

Sheikh Uthaymeen said in the sharh on three bases:

Speaking about resettlement, the author of Al-Mughni classifies people as follows: - For some of them, resettlement is obligatory. We are talking about those who can do this and do not have the opportunity to openly practice their religion. Thus, if life among the infidels excludes the possibility of a person fulfilling his religious duties, then he should emigrate, for Allah the Almighty said: “Those whom the angels repose for those who have wronged themselves, they will say: 'What situation were you in?' They will say: 'We were weak on earth.' They will say: ‘Wasn’t the land of Allah vast enough for you to migrate to it?’ Gehenna will serve as a refuge for such people, and this is a bad fate!” "Women", 97. This is a serious threat, indicating the necessity of resettlement, since the performance of religious duties is obligatory for those who can perform them. Relocation to in this case is a necessary condition

for their fulfillment, and that without which it is impossible to accomplish something obligatory is itself obligatory. See: Al-Mughni, vol. 8, p. 457.

If both of the above basic conditions are met, then the following possible cases can be pointed out: FIRST CASE:

when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels in order to carry out the call and instill in people an inclination towards Islam. In this case, living there is one of the types of jihad, obligatory for those who are able to carry out it, provided that no one interferes with the implementation of this call and the response to this call. This type of jihad is obligatory because the call to Islam is one of the religious duties, the messengers of Allah once followed this path, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded Muslims to inform other people about it at all times and in any place, saying: “Report me, even if it is limited to one verse.” SECOND CASE: when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels in order to study their situation and become familiar with their vicious views, invalid forms of worship, moral corruption and permissiveness reigning among them, in order to then warn people about the danger of being deceived by them and explain to those who admire them their positions. In this case, living this way is also a type of jihad, since it is associated with warning Muslims against unbelief and infidels and implies an incentive to Islam and its leadership, since the depravity of unbelief in itself indicates the good of Islam, which confirms the correctness of the statements that that everything is known through its opposite. However, at the same time, he must carry out his task in such a way that it does not lead to something even more harmful. So, for example, if a person cannot achieve his goal for the reason that he will be prevented from disseminating information about the situation of the infidels and warning others against it, then there will be no benefit in his stay there. In the same way, we can say that if he fulfills his task, but this leads to aggravation of the situation, for example, if his actions lead to people blaspheming Islam, the Messenger of Islam and the Imams of Islam, then such activities will have to be stopped, for Allah is Almighty said: “Do not blaspheme those to whom they call besides Allah, otherwise they will blaspheme Allah out of hostility, without knowledge. Thus We have adorned all people's affairs! Then they will return to their Lord, and He will inform them of what they have done.”

"Cattle", 108.

Similar to this is the case when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels in order to be a spy for the Muslims, to learn about the intrigues being plotted against them, and to warn them about it. So, for example, it is known that at one time, namely before the battle of the ditch, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent Huzaifa bin al-Yaman to the polytheists so that he would find out everything he could about them. THIRD CASE:

when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels in the interests of the Muslim state in order to improve its relations with the country of infidels, which applies, for example, to embassy employees. Thus, the cultural attaché is there to monitor the situation of the students and encourage them to firmly adhere to the religion of Islam and adhere to Islamic moral principles, thereby achieving great benefits and eliminating great evils. when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels out of necessity to do something permitted, for example, for trade or treatment. In this case, staying in the country of the infidels is permissible as necessary, for the permissibility of visiting the countries of the infidels for trade was indicated by those with knowledge, may Allah have mercy on them, referring to the words of some of the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), may Allah be pleased with them.

FIFTH CASE: when a Muslim lives in the country of infidels for the purpose of obtaining education. This case is similar to the previous one, but in this case the Muslim faces greater dangers for his religion and his morals than when he is engaged in commercial affairs, for he feels the superiority of his teachers over himself, and this leads to the fact that he begins to revere them, agree with their views, ideas and ways of acting and imitate them, which happens to everyone except those who are lucky enough to be protected from this by the will of Allah, but there are few of them. In addition, the student feels the need for his teacher, and this leads to the fact that he begins to seek his favor and curry favor with him, despite all his deviations and delusions. In addition, any student has fellow students, from among whom he chooses his friends, beginning to love them, seek intimacy with them and adopt something from them. Taking into account the danger of all this, a Muslim needs to be more careful than in previous cases, and therefore, along with the two above-mentioned basic requirements, he must comply with a number of additional requirements:

FIRST: the student must be distinguished by great mental maturity, with the help of which he could distinguish useful from harmful and predict events. As for sending young teenagers and those who have not yet reached the necessary mental maturity to study, this poses a huge danger not only for their religion and morality, but also for their people, because when they return back, they will spread around them the poison that will inevitably be picked up from the infidels, which has been repeatedly confirmed and will continue to be confirmed by real facts. Thus, for example, many of those who were sent there to study immature returned back, having lost what little they had before, and having deviated from their religion and moral principles, which brought both them and the society to which they belonged only obvious harm. Thus, sending immature people to study with infidels is the same as giving sheep to be torn to pieces by predators.

SECOND: a person who acquires knowledge from infidels must be knowledgeable in the field of Sharia so much that this allows him to distinguish true from false and fight falsehood with the help of truth. This is necessary in order not to be deceived by the falsehood that the infidels adhere to and not accept it as the truth, or not to be confused by it or to be so weak as to be unable to resist it, as a result of which a person becomes confused or he himself begins to follow the false.

It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) addressed Allah with the following prayer: “O God, make the true appear before me in its true light, and give me the strength to follow it, and make the false appear before me.” me also in the true light, and give me the strength to distance myself from it, and do not make this unclear to me, so that I do not fall into error!”

THIRD: he who learns from the infidels must adhere to his religion so firmly that it can protect and protect him from unbelief and deviations, since a person who does not adhere firmly enough to the principles of his religion cannot be saved from all this by living among the infidels only if it pleases Allah, for in this case the attacker will be strong, and the one offering resistance will be weak. It is well known that in the countries of the infidels there are many things that persistently induce people to disbelief, and therefore if the resistance is weak, all these factors immediately begin to exert their influence.

FOUR: the presence of a need for the knowledge for the sake of acquiring which a Muslim lives in the country of infidels, the usefulness of what he studies for Muslims and the absence of the possibility of acquiring such knowledge in the countries of Islam. If such knowledge is unnecessary and will not bring any benefit to Muslims, or if the same can be learned in any of the Muslim countries, then staying in the country of infidels for the purpose of learning becomes impermissible for a Muslim due to the danger that it poses to his religion and morality, and the useless waste of large material resources associated with this stay.

SIXTH CASE: when a Muslim moves to the country of infidels for permanent residence. Like is the most dangerous of all the above and entails constant communication with infidels and makes a person feel like a citizen of this or that country, obliged to love what others love and achieve closeness to it. In addition, among the infidels there are also members of his family who begin to adopt the morals and customs of the infidels and may even adopt their views and forms of worship, and that is why the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), as reported in one of the hadiths, said: “ He who unites with a polytheist and lives with him becomes like him.”

There is another hadith, transmitted from the words of Qais bin Abu Hazim, who referred to the reports of Jarir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) once said: “I am not associated with any of those Muslims who live among the polytheists." He was asked: “Why, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Neither of them should see the fire of the other.” So, can the soul of that Muslim who lives in the country of infidels, where their rituals are openly performed and where the decision belongs not to Allah or His Messenger, come to goodness, if he sees it, hears it and agrees with it, and, moreover, belongs to to this country and lives in it with his family and children, despite the great danger that all this poses to his religion?! This is what we can say about the stay of a Muslim in the country of infidels, and we ask Allah that our words do not diverge from the truth and do not contradict common sense. Source of commentary on the book “Three Fundamentals”. [End note].

It often happens that the acquisition of some kind of movable or immovable property for a person or an entire organization is unprofitable. Sometimes prices can be high; in some cases, purchasing an object does not make sense due to the constant volatility of the market situation. And here an economic and legal instrument such as rent comes to the rescue. Islam, being a system that helps people in all spheres of life, imposes its own framework on this form of property relations between the parties.

In Arabic, rent is denoted by the word "ijar" , which can be translated as “sale of right of use”, “benefit”. The Shariah definition of this phenomenon is as follows: the conclusion of a transaction between the parties for a certain time regarding some property, aimed at obtaining benefit, on the basis of mutual consent.

In fact, in Islamic law, rent is divided into two types: 1 - rent aimed at obtaining some benefit (we are talking about real estate, vehicles, clothing, household appliances and so on); 2 - hiring a person to perform a specific job (for example, construction, tailoring, website development, writing texts, etc.).

Qur'an and Noble Sunnah on Rent

The Holy Qur'an mentions tenancy relations between parties in two places, but in these cases the references are sporadic.

Surah At-Talaq says the following:

“Provide shelter for divorced women for a certain period of time...” (65:6)

In the surah, rental relations are mentioned in the context of the story of the prophet Musa (a.s.):

“One of Shugaib’s daughters said: “Father, hire him as a shepherd!” He will be the best among those who can handle it." To this Shugaib replied: “I would like you to marry one of my daughters. As a bride price, you can offer me hired work in my interests for 8 years...” (28:26-27)

In the collection of hadiths of Imam al-Bukhari, you can find the saying of the Final Messenger of the Almighty Muhammad (s.a.w.) about how he told his companions about his past. He didn’t stand aside either work activity in the form of hiring: “Whoever is sent by Allah to this world, he still tends sheep. And me too. I did this for the people of Mecca, they paid me several carats for this work.”

Rental conditions in Islam

Lease relations presuppose the presence of two fundamental points. This, as in the case, is about proposal(ijab) and consent(Kabul).

The conditions for concluding a lease agreement come down to several points:

1) The person must be reasonable, that is, he must be at least 7 years old. At such a young age, he can act as a subject of such property relations only after receiving permission from the guardian.

2) Rented property must have an owner. Lease is not made in respect of those things whose owner or guardian is unknown.

3) The agreement must describe in detail the nature of the leased property, the duration of the lease or hire (if we are talking about people invited to carry out some type of work). There should be no understatement between the parties in order to avoid related conflicts.

4) The rented item or service must be such that it actually has the properties that the tenant expects. In addition, these qualities must comply with Shariah. For example, if the administration of a mosque is looking for a cleaner and finds her, then she must be in a clean state (absence of menstruation) at the time of work. Otherwise, she will be prohibited from entering the mosque, and she will not fulfill the terms of the concluded rental agreement.

5) The benefit of renting or hiring must be fully consistent with Islamic law. In this sense, it is prohibited to hire people to commit any crime or produce haram products and services.

6) A person cannot be hired if he is expected to perform actions that are obligatory on him according to Islamic law. For example, taking money for performing namaz is unacceptable. However, if we are talking about conducting classes, for example, on Islamic law, or on the construction of Muslim temples, then this prohibition does not apply.

7) A person who is hired to do some work should not directly benefit from the result of the work, since the latter does not relate to him, but to the employer. Legal scholars interpret this case as meaning that a worker cannot be paid as a result of his work. For example, if a person was supposed to produce wooden figurines, then he cannot be paid with the same toys.

8) If the leased object is movable property, then the lessor must provide it to the lessee personally.

9) The leased property must not have any defects that make it impossible to use all available properties.

Cases of cancellation of lease agreements:

in connection with the death of one of the parties to the contractual relationship;

if the parties are unanimous in their opinion that it is necessary to terminate the agreement for some reason;

if under certain circumstances the rented item has lost its essence (it was, for example, destroyed);

the lease agreements expired and the parties decided not to renew them.

To whom Muslims cannot rentproperty for rent

The lease conditions listed above are distinguished by the fact that their implementation is relatively simple in a homogeneous Islamic environment, where the issue of compliance of business activities with Shariah is not so acute. But what to do when Muslims are forced to enter into business relationships in a secular society, in regions where representatives of Islam do not dominate? What if the tenant is going to open a strip bar, a credit institution or a store that sells alcoholic beverages in the premises owned by a Muslim?

The answer to these questions, according to Islamic law, is not as simple as it seems. The disciples and founders of other madhhabs of Sunni Islam believed that the provision of property for rent for such purposes is prohibited. Abu Hanifa believed the same, but with some reservations, which will be discussed below. Economic benefit as a criterion in the above situations is completely ignored. Banking institutions and microfinance organizations, which, as a rule, do not have problems with money, can offer an attractive price for rented space, but a devout Muslim must resist the temptation and refuse such a potential tenant.

Classic Western-style insurance companies that deal with uncertainty are also subject to the ban. What does it mean? Insurers take contributions from the client, the return of which may not occur even in the case of the conditions specified in the contract. As a result, a person pays money to the insurer, and he, thanks to his own legal resourcefulness, can do nothing at all and subsequently avoid material payments in favor of the insured. In addition, it is very risky to rent out premises for hotels, massage studios, saunas and baths, which in certain areas are often used, in addition to their direct purpose, as a place for committing carnal sin.

It is worth noting that the owner of the premises may not be responsible for the actions of the tenant if the latter deliberately misleads the owner of the property. For example, it was initially agreed that in the same massage parlor women would serve exclusively women and vice versa, but in reality it turned out that the tenant organizes a “zina festival” on an ongoing basis - in this case the owner does not bear any responsibility to the Almighty. The situation is interpreted similarly if the store initially had a ban on sales. alcoholic drinks, but the tenant does not comply with this clause of the agreement. However, of course, it is better to prevent such a situation and keep the tenant’s activities under control for compliance with the agreement.

Imam Abu Hanifa believed that in conditions where a Muslim lives in a country where his fellow believers are a minority, renting out premises or some items to open a liquor store is not prohibited. However, doing this in Muslim country is strictly prohibited.

Entering into rental relationships with representatives of other religions, for example, Christians or Jews, is allowed by all reputable scientists. Imam Abu Hanifa believed that they could even open their own temples and other religious sites in rented premises, while his students and the imams of other Sunni madhhabs considered such agreements to be contrary to Sharia.