For the first time, a neurologist will examine a newborn baby in the maternity hospital, then several more times throughout the first year during routine examinations by specialists. In neurology, infancy is considered a period of adaptation to the environment. Correct and timely maturation of the central nervous system directly affects the formation and development of speech and physiological skills. The work of a neurologist with a child under one year old comes down to assessing the state of the central nervous system, its development and maturity, and the influence on it. unfavorable factors. We decided to consider a list of the most pressing questions for a neurologist from the baby’s parents.

Why is a routine inspection necessary?

Question: If the birth went well and my baby was born without pathologies, birth injuries and with a good Apgar score, do I need to show the child to a neurologist?

According to existing rules, an absolutely healthy baby needs four scheduled inspections from a neurologist in the first year of life: at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Babies, even those with a good Apgar score at birth, may develop central nervous system (CNS) disorders during growth and development. It is important to identify them as early as possible in order to effectively help the baby.

A restful sleep is the key to harmonious development

Question: You can’t limit yourself to just one question here. The most common: Why can't a child fall asleep for a long time? Why does a child always cry before falling asleep? Why is a child extremely agitated before bed and cannot be put to sleep for a long time? The child suddenly began to cry and scream at night. How to improve your baby's sleep without medications?

Sleep for a child under one year old is not just rest, it includes a huge number of functions:

• Relaxation of the body and restoration of spent energy;
• Maintaining excellent immune system levels;
• Production of growth hormone;
• Processing and systematization by the brain of data collected during wakefulness;
• Stimulation of the brain area responsible for the development of thinking and memory.

In order to establish a sleep schedule without medications, to avoid crying and screaming in sleep, whims and an overexcited state of the baby before bedtime, you should follow a few simple rules:

• Strictly and scrupulously follow your sleep and wakefulness schedule, not allowing current affairs and events of the day to disturb it. Spend more time with your child outdoors;
• Establish a specific bedtime ritual, both during the day and at night. Always stick to it. This may include (check with a neurologist first), reading a book, quiet games, telling stories, lullabies;
• Don't be late with feeding and sleeping;
• Place a mint or lavender pillow at your child's head. It is also useful to give your baby tea made from these herbs - but only after he is six months old;
• Study the signs of your baby's fatigue. If they are present, it is better to put the baby to bed a little earlier, otherwise he may become overexcited and fall asleep later than expected. Signs of overwork include rubbing your forehead or eyes, the appearance of small circles under them, cloudy eyes, a sleepy look, and tugging at your ears. Each child has them individually;
• Explain and show your child the differences between day and night. Explain when you put your baby to bed that other people and animals also go to rest, they need to gain strength before a new day, why the sun doesn’t shine at night, etc. At late times, do not play with the child, reduce the level of noise and light in the rooms so that the child realizes that bedtime is approaching.
lose 20 kilograms, and finally get rid of the terrible complexes of fat people. I hope you find the information useful!

The first visit to a neurologist is always exciting for new parents and grandparents. It’s quite simple to understand – why would anyone meticulously study a child and question the health of the world’s most beloved baby? And, nevertheless, this is really important - you will have to gather your strength and entrust the little one to a neurologist. A qualified and timely medical examination is often the key to good health your child.

If there is no urgent recommendation from a pediatrician, the first visit to a neurologist usually occurs at one month of age. Also, at 1 month, the child should be examined by a traumatologist-orthopedist and an ophthalmologist. It is advisable to prepare well for the visit in order to provide the specialist with as much information as possible about the child. Be prepared to talk about how the pregnancy and the birth itself proceeded, what score the newborn received on the Apgar scale. Take with you your baby’s outpatient card and everything he has from medical documents - examination results, tests, etc.

Observe your child carefully for a couple of days to be able to answer several important questions:

• How active is the child during periods of wakefulness?
• Does the baby fall asleep easily and how restlessly does he sleep?
• What does your baby’s skin look like – how clean and sensitive is it?
• How often does a child sweat - what places are most susceptible to it?
• Is there an imbalance in the activity of the right and left arms and legs?
• Can the baby turn his head in both directions or does he prefer one direction?
• Does the child have pronounced facial expressions, does the chin tremble?
• Which one does the child prefer and how does he behave in the process?
• How much does the child eat, does he maintain the feeding schedule?
• How often and how much does your baby burp after eating?

Please note that your preparation consists solely of collecting information, do not draw any conclusions yourself - leave this to a specialist.

For many new parents, the first visit to a neurologist becomes the first rather long trip - you have to carry the baby in a car, and therefore child car seats that guarantee comfortable conditions on the road become an urgent need. Be sure to take a replacement diaper and wet wipes with you - it is quite possible that you will have to change your child outside the home.

During the first visit, the neurologist will determine whether adaptation processes are proceeding correctly and whether there are prerequisites for the development of neurological diseases. If the baby has any pathology, early diagnosis will significantly simplify and speed up its treatment, stopping the development of the disease.

Examination of the child includes checking for the presence of basic reflexes.

• Sucking - when any object gets into the mouth, the baby should begin to make rhythmic sucking movements.
• Proboscis - in response to a jerky, quick touch to his lips, the baby should stick out his lips with a “proboscis”.
• Protective - when placing the baby on his tummy, he should “automatically” turn his head to the side.
• Grasping - in response to a touch on the baby’s open palm, he makes an attempt to grab the object.

Also, at the first visit to a neurologist, a visual examination of the child is carried out: the doctor examines the shape and size of his skull, the position of the head, body, eyes, facial expression, movement of the limbs and the condition of the baby’s skin.

Remember that the first visit to a neurologist is a great opportunity get specialist advice. Do not hesitate to ask your doctor about anything that worries you - having received more information, you will find clarity and peace, which is undoubtedly important for any baby and his environment.

The very first acquaintance of a newborn with a doctor occurs immediately after birth, during an examination by a neonatologist. Meetings with other specialists in white coats, in the absence of other indications, take place according to the examination calendar. And one of the first names on it is a neurologist (neuropathologist).

A pediatric neurologist (or neuropathologist) is a specialist who carefully monitors the development and maturation of the baby’s nervous system. The state of the human nervous system is one of the main indicators of the state of the whole organism. And if you do not pay due attention to the nervous system and its pathological manifestations from an early age, this can lead to a delay in the baby’s psychomotor development, disturbances in his behavior and many other “diseases from the nerves.”

Doctor's examination: when, why and why?

Every child, even a completely healthy one, should be observed by a neurologist. The doctor, together with the parents, will monitor the compliance of the baby’s psychomotor development with the age norm, celebrate his new successes and achievements, and give moms and dads individual recommendations on raising and caring for the child. The baby's neurological status changes during the first year of life (approximately every three months), so a preventive examination (routine medical examination) is usually carried out at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. In the second year of life, it is necessary to bring the child to a neurologist twice - at 1.5 and 2 years, and then the examination must be carried out annually. Based on certain symptoms, the specialist determines during each examination whether there is a delay in the child’s development, and, if necessary, prescribes additional examinations or consultations with other specialists.

Visit to the doctor

An examination of a baby by a specialist usually consists of several stages. First of all, each mother will share her complaints with the doctor, talk about the general well-being of the child and the diseases he has suffered. Based on the complaints, the neurologist will draw up a detailed examination plan and begin examining the baby.

Study of cranial nerve functions
The position of the eyes at rest, determining the size of the pupils, the asymmetry of the face, observing the reaction to sound, the volume of the voice, the position of the tongue in the mouth - all this allows the specialist to assess the condition of each pair of cranial nerves.

Research of the motor sphere
The presence and severity of reflexes is an important indicator of psychomotor development. The study of the motor sphere includes assessment of:

• muscle tone (dystonia - hypertonicity or hypotension);
• tendon reflexes;
• identification of pathological and postural (their meaning is the creation of a static posture, while the muscles are “trained” to hold the pose actively), as well as unconditioned reflexes.

Sensitivity study
These studies are extremely difficult to conduct in infants. Here the doctor turns to parents for help and their observations of the baby. For example, periodic complaints from parents about the child’s anxiety when putting on a hat are considered by neurologists to be hyperesthesia - increased sensitivity skin for irritation.

Cognitive assessment
This is an integral part of the neurological examination. In children under 6 months of age, pathological manifestations may include communication disorders, which are determined by the ability to focus their gaze, follow an object, and identify familiar faces with their gaze. Various manifestations of the emotional sphere (a variety of facial expressions, smiling, laughter, babbling) are also a strong indicator of the maturity and state of the child’s nervous system.

Note to moms
During a visit to a specialist, the baby should be in a state of maximum comfort. For this purpose, everything in the doctor’s office is created the necessary conditions- there is optimal lighting and air temperature and a comfortable changing table. However, mothers should also take care that the baby is comfortable and calm. To do this, the child must be allowed to rest a couple of hours before the visit to the neurologist, and do not forget to feed him an hour before the doctor’s visit.

What can our baby do?
Before going to see a neurologist, you yourself can try to evaluate psychomotor development your child. The following tips will help you with this:

• At 1 month, the baby maintains the uterine position in sleep, but from the 3rd week on waking, he stretches. Can't hold his head upright. Briefly fixes his gaze on a bright object and follows its movement in the horizontal direction. From 3.5–5 weeks the first smile appears in response to a gentle voice addressed to him, and throat sounds appear. Movements are unfocused and chaotic.
• At 2 months, the child can turn from back to side, repeats the mother’s smile and reacts with inept imitative facial expressions to her facial expression. The first manifestations of the revitalization complex are noted.
• From 3 months, lying on his stomach, the baby rests on his forearms and lifts and holds his head well. Fixes his gaze on an object brought to his face and hums. The baby has a clearly expressed complex of revival, both in response to an adult and to any optical stimulus. The baby plays with his hands, feels his fingers, pulls them into his mouth. Laughter appears for the first time.
• At the age of 4 months, the child confidently rolls over from his back to his stomach and sits down when pulled up by his arms, assisted by movements of his head and shoulders. Holds a rattle in his hand and waves it. The smile turns into a loud, ringing laugh. Holds mother's breast or bottle during feeding with both hands.
• At 5 months, the child lies on his stomach for a long time, raising his head and shoulder girdle, leaning on the palms of his straightened arms, crawling on his stomach sideways and backwards, less often forwards. He smiles at his image in the mirror, recognizes his mother and reacts differently to strangers.
• At 6 months, he actively turns over from his stomach to his back and moves on his belly. Transfers the toy from one hand to the other. Prefers some toys over others. Babbling appears.
• From 7 months the baby gets on all fours and tries to crawl. When strangers appear, signs of fear and crying appear. He looks for and finds with his gaze the object that the adult is asking about, and extends his hand to his reflection in the mirror.
• At 8 months, the baby sits up and lies down on his own, sits confidently without support. Crawls on all fours. Holding on with his hand, he gets up, stands, and lowers himself. At the request of an adult, performs learned movements (“okay”, “goodbye”, “give me a pen”). Knows his name.
• At 9 months he walks with the support of his arms or holding onto a support with his hands. While sitting, he bends and turns. Drinks from a cup. Looks for a hidden toy or one that has fallen on the floor.
• At 10 months, he takes steps forward, holding onto a movable support with his hands. Performs various actions with objects. Imitating an adult, he repeats various sounds and syllables after him. Tears paper, newspaper, follows the movements of thrown objects.
• At 11 months, a child can stand for a short time without support. Walks holding the hand of an adult. With support, squatting and bending over, bends over to pick up a toy. Places one object on top of another, removes and places the rings of the pyramid on the rod. Can drop a small object into a mug. The first meaningful simplified words appear.
• By 12 months, the baby gets up, stands and walks independently. Says up to 10 words. Begins to help when he is dressed. Sometimes he uses the pot for its intended purpose. Knows the meaning of the word “impossible.” The beginnings of manipulative games appear.

During the first year of life, a neurologist examines the baby several times. And even if during the examination the doctor discovers any “deficiencies” in the formation of the nervous system, do not be alarmed: most of them can be corrected if diagnosed early. This is why you should never postpone a visit to a neurologist.

L.A. Kozlovskaya, neurologist, Clinic “9+”
(Mother and Child Group of Companies)

The skull develops from life
All over the forehead - from temple to temple. . .
O. Mandelstam

Your baby will soon be or has already turned 1 month old!

One of the most difficult periods in a newborn’s life is behind us. After all, the first month of a child’s life becomes for him the first critical period after birth: it is characterized by the intense work of all organs and systems of the body, “responsible” for the adaptation (adaptation) of the newborn to conditions that are fundamentally new for him environment. By the end of this period, all transition processes should be completed, however, under the influence of unfavorable environmental conditions, with aggravated pregnancy and childbirth, the natural adaptation processes for a newborn can take on a pathological direction and lead to a neurological disease of the child.

It is at this time that it is necessary to visit a neurologist for the first time - usually just to make sure that everything is fine with the baby; but if this is not the case, in order to identify and “capture” the pathology at the very beginning, to prevent the disease from developing. To determine the level of development of the child and exclude neurological pathology, it is important not only to assess the formed reactions to light, sound, motor and psycho-emotional activity of the newborn, but also his appearance (in fact, it is this last topic that my article will mainly be devoted to).

So, what will a neurologist first of all pay attention to when examining a one-month-old baby? On the shape and size of his skull, facial expression, posture, appearance of the skin. Why is this so important? Why are our worries and experiences often associated with the presence of deviations from the outside? appearance child, especially if it is a change in the shape and size of the skull? This is primarily due to the fact that such changes can be a diagnostic sign serious illnesses- and microcephaly.

Skull shape and size

Deviation from the norm is a possible pathology. . .

Hydrocephalus- this is an excessive increase in the size of the skull and fontanelles, caused by an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity. With this disease, the shape of the skull also changes - its cerebral part significantly predominates over the facial part, the frontal part protrudes sharply forward, and a pronounced venous network is observed in the area of ​​the temples and forehead.

Microcephaly- this is a reduction in the size of the skull and early closure of the fontanelles. With congenital microcephaly, the size of the skull is small from birth, the cranial sutures are narrowed, or closed, or small in size. Subsequently, a slow rate of growth in head circumference is noted, so that sometimes a 2-3 year old child’s skull size is almost the same as at birth. With microcephaly, the skull has a specific shape: the cerebral part of the skull is smaller than the facial part, the forehead is small, sloping, the line of the forehead and nose is sloping.

Conditions such as hydro- and microcephaly subsequently lead to delayed mental and physical development and therefore require correction from a very early age!

"Homework" for parents

In addition, right from birth, you can independently monitor the growth of the child’s head circumference, which is one of the main indicators of normality and pathology. How to do this correctly?

• Measure the child's head circumference weekly and record the resulting numbers in a specially kept notebook.
• When measuring, place the measuring tape at the most protruding points of the skull (frontal and occipital protuberances).
• To avoid misunderstandings, the measurement must be carried out by the same person.

In addition to the increase in head circumference, you can monitor the increase in chest circumference, which is one of the general anthropometric indicators of child development. For this:

• Measure your chest circumference weekly on the same day you measure your head circumference;
• Place the measuring tape at the level of the baby's nipple line.

Why is such “amateur activity” needed? By taking these simple measurements, you will help the doctor draw up an objective picture of the child’s development, and you yourself can have peace of mind, excluding the possibility of developing serious diseases (normally, the monthly increase in head circumference in the first three months of a full-term baby should not exceed 2 cm per month; up to a year, the circumference The chest is approximately 1 cm larger than the child’s head circumference).

Well, now a few words about what can and should be normal and what is pathological. I tried to frame the conversation on this topic in the form of answers to questions that most often concern young parents.

What determines the shape of the skull?

Normally, as a child passes through the birth canal, the bones of the skull overlap each other. Features of the course of the birth process affect changes in the shape of the skull. In the event of a complicated birth, a sharp juxtaposition of the skull bones may occur on top of each other, and this will lead to its deformation, which will persist for quite a long time.

A change in the shape of the skull can be expressed in the persistence of swelling of the soft tissues of the head in the place where the child moved forward along the birth canal. The swelling disappears within the first 2-3 days. (hemorrhage under the periosteum) also changes the shape of the skull. It resolves more slowly than swelling, and this process requires the supervision of specialists (neurologist, surgeon).

Changes in the shape of the skull are also associated with age characteristics. In a newborn, the skull is elongated in the anteroposterior direction, and after a few months the transverse size of the skull will increase and its shape will change.

Some change in the shape and size of the skull can also occur during normal development in premature babies, or when the child is often placed on the same side, or when the child lies on his back for a long time.

How does the head grow?

The average head circumference of a newborn is 35.5 cm (the range of 33.0-37.5 cm is considered normal). The most intensive increase in head circumference in full-term babies is observed in the first 3 months - on average, 1.5 cm for each month. Then the growth decreases slightly, and by the age of one year the child’s head circumference is on average 46.6 cm (normal limits are 44.9-48.9 cm).

The head circumference of a full-term baby increases faster than that of a full-term baby, and the increase is maximally expressed during the period of active weight gain, and by the end of the 1st year of life it reaches normal values. The exception is very premature babies.

However, it should always be borne in mind that even if normal, there may be physiological deviations from average values, which are often associated with constitutional characteristics or environmental influences.

What are fontanelles?

The fontanelles are located in the area where the bones of the skull meet. The anterior, large, fontanel is located between the frontal and parietal bones. At birth, it measures from 2.5 to 3.5 cm, then gradually decreases by 6 months and closes at 8-16 months. The posterior, small, fontanel is located between the parietal and occipital bones. It is small in size and closes by 2-3 months of life.

In pathological processes accompanied by increased intracranial pressure, the fontanelles close later, and sometimes they open again. Small sizes of the anterior fontanel may be a normal variant if they are not accompanied by a decrease in the circumference of the skull, the rate of its growth and a delay in psychomotor development.

The above characteristics do not limit the diversity possible options abnormalities in a young child. However, it should be kept in mind that any unusual option The appearance of a child requires a thorough examination and monitoring of his growth and development.

When and how should a neurologist examine a child?

Early child development is very sensitive sign state of the body. It depends both on hereditary characteristics and on a complex complex social conditions and requires dynamic monitoring by doctors. Don’t forget to show your baby to specialists within the prescribed time frame - 1, 3, 6, 12 months!

If you invite a specialist to your home, you must consider the following:

• the examination of the child should be carried out on a changing table or other soft, but not sagging surface;
• the environment should be calm, eliminate distractions if possible;
• It is advisable to carry out the examination 1.5-2 hours after feeding;
• the air temperature in the room should be about 25°C, the lighting should be bright, but not irritating.

In conclusion of the article, I would like to remind you once again: do not delay your visit to a neurologist, remember - the timeliness of all health-improving, preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at ensuring its normal development depends on the correct assessment of the newborn’s health, and only a specialist can give a correct assessment!

Inna Sharkova, pediatric neurologist
"Guta-Clinic", Moscow

Discussion

Hello! My daughter is 2 months old, the pediatrician recommended that she undergo neurosonography and contact a neurologist. Based on the results of neurosnography, a diagnosis of 6 slight widening of the interhemispheric fissure was made (3.7 compared to the norm of 2.1). The neurologist examined her and found: active, smiling, humming, Graefe's symptom periodically, relying on curled fingers. My daughter shudders, her sleep is disturbed, and she spits up periodically. The doctor diagnosed: s/m PNRV, hypertype SDN, s/m LDN.
The diagnoses are not entirely clear, why they are dangerous, and how to decipher these symptoms. Help, I'm very afraid of losing time.

01/16/2008 21:33:04, Natalia

Hello.
My daughter is 3 weeks old. I recently noticed the asymmetry of her skull, i.e. her right temporal cavity is larger/deeper than the left. Tell me, is this dangerous? Is this a pathology or will symmetry be restored over time? And how to contribute to the restoration/formation of the normal shape of the skull?
PS: we alternate the sides of the child’s sleep.

12/21/2007 11:03:55, Stas

zdrastvuyte. u menye docinka 8 let i ona mikrocefaliya .a kak mojna uznat kakie budeshe jdyot emu.u neqo kajdiy nideli spazmi bivayet.ona ne ustayot v meste.pomaqite pojalusta kokoy lekorstva mojet uspokoyet eqo?ya jdu iz vas otveti.

12/07/2007 21:53:24, Ramil

The child is 7.5 months old, boy. Born on time, naturally (without caesarean section). At birth, she was diagnosed with hypoxia. The child is on breastfeeding.
The child has problems sleeping. The child sleeps only in a stroller or with a nipple in the chest (uses a nipple instead of a pacifier). He has not taken and does not take any medications.
Over the past month, a procedure to expand the eye canal has been performed 4 times.
The procedure is painful. The first 3 times the child reacted quite calmly and calmed down within 10 minutes after the end of the procedure. The fourth time he began to cry immediately after he was brought to the clinic, and after the end of the procedure he could not calm down for an hour.
According to the ophthalmologist (head of the department of the eye clinic at the Morozov Hospital), the procedure will be repeated until the eye canal can be expanded. Maybe 20 times.
Question:
Can the procedures affect the child’s psyche or will he forget everything and have no mental problems?

08.11.2007 15:00:20, Vadim

Hello, Doctor
I'm worried about the size of my head
I'm 21 years old, height 180, weight 75
and the diameter of the head is 54 cm.
my chin is almost GONE!
it feels like the head is the neck
only her hair and face grew
please help me tell me why

Hello, Doctor!

Rebenku 5 mesyacev, pri podderjanii rebenka on derjit noqi na noskax, normalno lı eto?
Mi ocen bespokoimsya cto on ne smojet xodit. After osmotra doktor skazal cto u neqo porez na noqax i cerepnoe davleniee i naznacıl etı lekarstva:
Mojno li eti lekarstva prinimat pri takom diaqnoze.
Doktor cto bi vi posovetovali cto nam delat?
Zaranee blaqodaryu.
1 Flexital N10

2 Diacarb N6

3 Eufillin N10

4 Gluferal N

5 Mydocalm N10

6 Calcium is a magician

7 Asparkam N10

03.05.2005 10:02:06, S

Tell me, if the child is only a month old and the neurologist said that the fontanelle is 0.5 and whatever that is good! Is this very bad? And how will this affect the baby's development?
[email protected]

04/05/2005 14:11:35, Roman

I'm 16 years old, I have
enlarged frontal and parietal
skull bones maybe
it was passed down by inheritance,
How to solve this problem,

other therapy. Is it possible
make changes to
genetic level.
Write the answer

03/17/2005 06:48:03, Anton

I'm 16 years old, I have
enlarged frontal and parietal
skull bones maybe
it was passed down by inheritance,
How to solve this problem,
maybe you can use laser or some other
other therapy. Is it possible
make changes to
genetic level.
Write the answer

03/17/2005 06:46:26, Anton

My son was about 4 months old when his psychomotor development slowed down. During the examination, the neurologist at the children's clinic said that the child was completely healthy and had no abnormalities. But (thanks to the advice of a medical friend) we turned to a chiropractor. The chiropractor identified at first glance the non-disjunction of the sutures of the skull bones (the reason was due to postmaturity at 3 weeks and rapid labor). After the first massage session, the bones separated and the child began to catch up in development. Therefore, there is no hope for medical examinations. Just my own observations...

07.12.2004 03:12:23, MammothOK

Hello. My daughter is 1.5 months old. Sometimes she looks "surprised". The neurologist directed us to a neurosonogram. On the direction it is written: "s-m LDN?" What does this “surprised” look and LDN mean? Thanks in advance for your answer

11/13/2004 01:02:21, Julia

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Please share your experience, who has children aged 2.8 years (we were born in January 2011) who already speak well, i.e. constructing sentences and pronouncing hissing consonants, 2 consonants in a row (ELEPHANT, for example), the letter P? And how did you manage to achieve such results? Or was it just good genetics and it was easy? My daughter repeats simple words like WAGON, OWL at the request, at the initiative - no way. And our longest proposal so far is BABA ANI’S HOUSE HERE (we’re going to a consultation with...

The top sellers on our Russian flower market now are, of course, roses. This flower is a favorite of our Russian men, whose statistical bouquet today consists of a set of burgundy roses with the longest possible stem. Their number is determined by the size of the possible amount of money spent. Just about five or six years ago, roses accounted for 75% of everything that was in the assortment of a regular flower shop. Today this figure has dropped significantly. Approximately...

I'm shocked... We went to the pediatrician today... Disgraceful... Sashka gained only 128g of his birth weight, or 438g of his minimum weight. Arinka gained 1300 g in the first month, and Kostka 1100... I really hope that the reason for this is my mastitis, I fed him with one breast for 2 weeks, and there is still very little milk in the sore breast. And we spend a lot of time at the breast... for hours... And he pees and poops normally, at least now, before he actually peed noticeably less. Overall height was measured at 54.5 cm, but...

STILL 39 WEEKS Yep. I came back :) They didn’t manage to lock me up :) I’m telling you: I had a planned cesarean section due to a scar on the uterus and prenatal hospitalization at the insistence of the LC doctor. Free of charge. Well, I didn’t resist and on the appointed day, after saying goodbye to you here, I came with the packages to the residential complex to pick up the outfit. Previously, having looked through all the maternity hospitals in the area and choosing the 7th one to stay in, she declared: I want to go to the 7th one. The doctor went to get the outfit. at which it turned out that in our South-Western Administrative District there are no places at all...

I don’t know about your kids, but my daughter just loves everything that can be glued/glued/glued/glued. To her delight, she bought a book with stickers from this minishop: [link-1] More precisely, there were two books: for my daughter and her friend. What can I say...they are great! Large format, beautiful pictures, thick sheets, reusable stickers, many pages of children's joy! :) Both books are approximately the same: the first 20 pages are a lot of pictures on various topics (in the case of a book with princesses, it’s Day...

Hello everyone, or whatever is customary there, my dear diary)))!!! I’ve never used a blog service before, I haven’t read, I haven’t written, and I haven’t taken them into account at all, probably like you all, you haven’t paid attention to how your children are fed in kindergarten, at least until January 2012! !!It was only after many of you realized that there was food in your children’s kindergartens that I realized that you were all communicating somewhere, so I ended up on this blog! Well, let’s start, although I myself don’t understand why...

Conference with Yulia Borisovna Zhikhareva, psychologist-defectologist at the children's clinical diagnostic center MEDSI II 1. My 3-year-old daughter speaks very poorly. Should I start taking her to a speech therapist? Yes! First of all, you must come for a consultation with a speech therapist, who will make a conclusion: what and why? After this, you and your speech therapist will discuss the need for speech therapy sessions. 2. My daughter is 4.5 years old. Constantly says “I did”, “I took a walk”, in short, he confuses the feminine and masculine genders. Your...

In recent years, the percentage of children with speech disorders has increased significantly. Unfortunately, such children end up seeing a speech therapist before going to school, at best after five years of age. The most significant age for child development ( sensitive period) missed. Hence there are a lot of problems not only with oral speech, but also with written speech. These problems are especially pronounced in children when learning to read and write. But attentive attitude towards the child from the first days of his life gives mothers, doctors the opportunity...

Even in children of the first year of life, a pathology of the nervous system can be detected, the causes of which are disturbances during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus (infections, fetal hypoxia) or a severe course of labor. The consequences of damage to the nervous system can be a delay in the mental and physical development of the child, speech impairment, etc. Observation by a neurologist is therefore indicated for each child at a certain frequency. In this article we will answer possible questions from parents and eliminate their concerns about what a neurologist looks for in children.

Damage to the nervous system in infants is quite common. But these diseases can have a hidden form, so in the first year of life, babies are examined several times by a neurologist: at birth, at 1 month, at 3, 6, 9 months. and upon reaching a year. Sometimes doctors prescribe more frequent monitoring of the baby on an individual schedule. Special attention is given .

In some cases, in addition to examination by a neurologist, additional hardware examination is prescribed. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly reduce or even eliminate the consequences of neurological pathology in older children.

Infants should be examined by a neurologist even if the parents have no complaints. It is in the first year of life that the baby develops intensively, and it is easier for the doctor to identify abnormalities.

When examining the baby, the neurologist examines the head, determines its size, the condition and size of the fontanel. Pays attention to the symmetry of the face and palpebral fissures, the size of the pupils, and the movements of the eyeballs (detection). At each examination, the child’s reflexes, muscle tone, range of motion in joints, sensitivity, skills and communication skills are checked.

Even in the maternity hospital, the baby undergoes an ultrasound of the brain to exclude cysts, which often appear during fetal hypoxia. If cysts are detected, then such an examination is carried out dynamically. Cysts up to 3-4 mm in size should disappear without a trace.

Check-up at 1 month

The doctor pays attention to the child’s posture (it still resembles the intrauterine one), checks the presence and symmetry of the baby’s unconditioned reflexes, muscle tone (the predominance of flexor tone - arms and legs are bent, fists are clenched) - it must be symmetrical.

The baby’s movements are still chaotic and there is no coordination. A child at the age of one month can hold his gaze on an object for some time and follow its movement. The baby is already smiling after hearing the affectionate speech.

The neurologist measures the baby's head circumference and checks the size and condition of the large fontanel. In the first half of the year, the head size increases monthly by 1.5 cm (average circumference at birth is 34-35 cm), and in the second half of the year - by 1 cm.

Check-up at 3 months

The baby's posture is more relaxed, since the tone of the flexors has already decreased. The child can put his fists in his mouth and grasp objects with his hands. It holds the head well. If the baby does not hold his head, this may indicate a developmental delay. The baby can already laugh and shows animation when contacting and showing a toy.

Check-up at 6 months

The baby should independently roll over onto his stomach and back, raise his head, leaning on his arms. In the supine position, the child can lift his feet and play with them. By 6 months, the child is sitting and can not only hold a toy, but also transfer it from hand to hand. A six-month-old child recognizes loved ones, especially his mother. May react to strangers by crying. Sometimes a baby at 6 months pronounces syllables.

Check-up at 9 months

Some children are already crawling and stand on their feet with support. The child can step with his legs while holding onto the support. The doctor evaluates and fine motor skills: the ability to grasp an object with two fingers and hold it. The baby imitates the movements of an adult: he can wave his hand when saying goodbye, clap his hands, etc.

The baby knows his parents well, understands the meaning of many words, including the word “impossible,” and finds (upon request) an object familiar to him from among others. If the child’s fontanel remains open, then an additional examination (ultrasound of the brain, MRI) is prescribed.

Inspection per year

The doctor evaluates the baby’s development, his skills and abilities. The child must be able to rise to his feet, stand, and walk by the hand. The head circumference increases by 12 cm per year. The baby drinks well from a cup, must hold the spoon correctly and eat from it. The baby recognizes all family members, knows the names and shows parts of the body (ear, nose, eyes, etc.), pronounces some words.

Unscheduled visit to a neurologist

Parents should be wary and visit a doctor unscheduled if they have the following symptoms:

• frequent or excessive regurgitation;
• increased excitability, frequent shudders;
• or limbs (at rest or when crying);
• at elevated temperatures;
• bulging and pulsation of the fontanel;
• disturbances in gait: the baby does not fully stand on his foot, walks on his toes or curls them up;
• developmental delay.

Checkups after a year

A child at any age may need examination and assistance from a neurologist.

The examination schedule is as follows: a neurologist should routinely examine children at 3, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17 years old.

During examinations it is assessed physical development, muscle tone, presence and symmetry of reflexes, coordination of movements, color and turgor of the skin, sensitivity, speech, mental development, presence or absence of focal neurological symptoms.

If necessary, the doctor may prescribe additional examinations: examination by an ophthalmologist with examination of the fundus, ultrasound of the brain, Doppler ultrasound, radiography of the skull, MRI of the brain, electroencephalography.

Parents should contact a neurologist unscheduled if they have the following symptoms:

• speech impairment (, delayed speech development);
• urinary incontinence ();
• sleep disorders;
• tics (repeated, often involuntary, movements or statements, twitching of facial muscles, grimacing, blinking, snoring, feeling things, throwing away hair, repeating words or phrases, etc.);
• fainting;
• motion sickness in transport;
• increased activity, restlessness, distracted attention;
• traumatic brain injuries.

Summary for parents

Depending on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, hereditary factors, the child may have a neurological pathology even in the most early age. Examinations by a neurologist make it possible to identify changes in the nervous system in early stages, which will allow for timely treatment.