Thermal underwear is one of the main elements in clothing for sports and outdoor activities, designed to control your heat exchange. How comfortable you will be during sports, and therefore what results you can achieve, largely depends on how well the thermal underwear is selected.
Together with an AlpIndustry expert Yura Serebryakov Let's figure out how to choose thermal underwear that suits your conditions.
The principle of layering in clothing
In clothing for sports and outdoor activities, it is customary to adhere to the principle of multi-layering or, in other words, the concept of three layers. Thermal underwear is the first, base layer and is designed to control heat transfer. Thermal underwear should fit snugly to the body (it is often called a second skin) to ensure proper thermoregulation, but at the same time not squeeze muscles or restrict movement. After thermal underwear comes a second, middle layer of clothing designed to retain heat, for example, fleece or a down sweater. Then comes the third, outer layer, which also removes excess moisture, allows the body to breathe under clothing and protects from external influences, precipitation and wind. For example, a jacket with a Gore-Tex membrane.
In order for the equipment to work correctly and create comfortable conditions rather than cause inconvenience, you need to carefully select each layer and clearly understand for what tasks and conditions you are choosing clothing. Let's start by choosing a base.
What is thermal underwear and what is it intended for?
The main function of thermal underwear is to control heat transfer by removing moisture. When you sweat during intense movement, thermal underwear does not accumulate sweat, but removes excess moisture from the body and prevents you from “cooking” under your clothes. If you find yourself in cold conditions and/or not actively moving, thermal underwear can help keep you warm. It is this functionality that distinguishes specially designed thermal underwear from ordinary cotton and synthetic clothing.
For the manufacture of thermal underwear, technologically advanced synthetic fibers, high-quality soft wool, most often merino wool, or a combination of these materials are used. The cut of thermal underwear often involves combining materials with different composition, density and properties (ventilation, insulation, muscle support) in different areas.
Composition: thermal underwear made of wool, synthetics and combined materials
Wool, in general, has better thermal insulation properties than synthetics, but absorbs moisture more actively. During intense exercise (running, freeride), this will become a noticeable disadvantage: a person sweats a lot, thermal underwear absorbs a large number of moisture that does not have time to be removed outside and lingers in clothes - a person begins to “cook” and experience discomfort. Therefore, for intense loads, it is preferable to choose synthetic thermal underwear that will properly remove moisture and control heat exchange, preventing overheating and hypothermia. If you are facing less intense loads, passive rest, being in very low temperatures, you are looking for thermal underwear for the city or get cold quickly, give preference to a base layer made of wool, with its good thermal insulation properties.
Please note that in some cases, wool thermal underwear can cause irritation, especially on sensitive children's skin. Therefore, we recommend that adults try on clothes before purchasing, and for children choose synthetic models.
Men's, women's and children's thermal underwear
In general, women's and men's thermal underwear do not differ much from each other. The cut of specialized women's models takes into account the characteristics of the female figure and, since girls usually get colder, has more insulated zones.
Synthetics are often used to make children's thermal underwear, because wool can cause discomfort. sensitive skin child. As a rule, the main task of children's thermal underwear is not to remove moisture, but to retain heat, so it is usually denser than “adult” models.
In general, thermal underwear models differ from each other in composition, compression properties, recommended temperature conditions and design features. When choosing, you should be guided by several points:
- Exercise intensity / high, medium or low activity
- Temperature Range
- Your individual cold tolerance
Temperature range of thermal underwear
As a rule, manufacturers indicate the recommended temperature regime and preferred types of activity in the name or description of the product. For example, the Swiss brand Odlo divides its thermal underwear models into several lines:
- Ultra-light thermal underwear from the Cool line is designed for the hottest weather
- Models marked Light are designed for summer sports; these are lightweight clothes made of thin fabric, the main task of which is to wick moisture away from the body
- Warm - insulated thermal underwear for cold weather and winter sports
- Models marked X-Warm are designed for the coldest temperatures
Choosing thermal underwear depending on activity and intensity of exercise
First of all, when choosing thermal underwear, you should focus on the degree of activity: whether it will be high, with intense constant loads (freeride, trail running), medium (mountain climbing, hiking) or low (walking in the city, fishing). The main task of thermal underwear for outdoor activities and sports is to control heat exchange by timely removing moisture from the body to prevent overheating or hypothermia. With low activity, sweating is less, so the main task of thermal underwear for passive recreation is to retain heat.
For low activity It is recommended to choose thermal underwear made of wool, for example, Bergans. It retains heat better than synthetics and does not lose its properties over time; it is well suited for everyday wear. It is also worth considering synthetic thermal underwear. Its advantages are density, good moisture removal and ease of care.
Thermal underwear for active recreation and sports can be divided into compression and non-compression. Due to compression, muscles are supported, blood circulation is stimulated - the muscles work correctly and are not overloaded. Such thermal underwear, as a rule, has a zonal design (X-Bionic, The North Face). Each zone of clothing is responsible for a specific process: improved moisture removal (under the arms and in the abdomen), enhanced heat retention (in the chest, lower back, shoulders), etc. At low activity, compression creates discomfort. Non-compression thermal underwear for high activity typically consists of synthetics (Odlo, Arcteryx, The North Face) or a synthetic/wool blend (Peak Performance) and performs better when you're moving. By the way, as a basic, universal thermal underwear (or, if you are buying thermal underwear for the first time), the Peak Performance model is almost an ideal option: in areas with increased sweating, synthetics are used with its good moisture-wicking properties, and in areas that freeze faster than others, wool is used with its ability to retain heat.
Generally, for hiking, trekking and mountaineering Thermal underwear of medium or high density is suitable, with good breathability and without compression. You can take two sets for the ascent: one for the ascent/assault, the second, more insulated, for a change at the base camp (or as a backup option). For winter mountaineering and high-altitude ascents, as well as for winter expeditions, you can consider Power Stretch thermal underwear: it is designed for low temperatures and can even be used as a middle layer.
For skiing, on prepared slopes or off-piste, as well as trail running and running training, you should choose compression thermal underwear. It will support the muscles and stimulate blood circulation, which is important during constant movement and intense exercise. High levels of moisture management and breathability are also important for these sports. Thermal underwear for winter sports, as a rule, has a zonal design - a combination of zones with insulation (for example, in the shoulders, chest and lower back), reinforcement (for example, in areas of increased wear, in the elbows) and ventilation zones (in areas increased sweating). Base layer for summer activities will have a lower density to speed up the removal of moisture from the body.
Manufacturers regularly develop models for specific sports: taking into account the specifics of the loads, their average intensity, as well as seasonality. However, choosing thermal underwear is a very individual process. It depends on your personal characteristics (how you tolerate the cold), your activity in a particular sport. For some, at -10°C in the city it’s cold even in Power Stretch thermal underwear and a down jacket; for others, a model with medium insulation will be enough for a harsh winter expedition. Some people prefer to have a separate set of thermal underwear for each type of activity, while others will choose 1-2 maximum universal sets for all occasions.
Thermal underwear options for skiing, off-piste and ski touring
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Thermal T-shirt Peak Performance Multi LS180 Universal model made of combined material. Suitable for both riding and passive use. Good price/quality ratio.
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Thermal long johns Peak Performance Multi SJ180
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The North Face Women's Thermal T-Shirt Hybrid Long Sleeve Crew Neck Universal model. Optimal fit, light compression and maximum breathability.
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Warm, quick-drying polyester model. Under the arms there are inserts made of lighter and more breathable material.
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Women's thermal T-shirt Odlo X-Warm A good choice for those girls who value comfort and love warmth. Thanks to zoned fleece insulation you will not freeze on the lift. Thinner material is used in high-sweat areas to help keep you dry while you ride.
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Options for thermal underwear for mountaineering
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Arcteryx Phase AR Crew LS Men's Thermal T-Shirt A good option as a basic kit for climbing in less extreme conditions. Thermal underwear is medium-density, optimally removes moisture and effectively maintains the correct temperature balance.
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Arcteryx RHO AR Zip Neck Men's Thermal T-Shirt Medium-density thermal underwear made from technological Polartec® Power Stretch® fleece. Elastic, anatomical shape and with good moisture removal properties. And the signature laconic design and unique color from Arc"teryx.
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Elastic thermal T-shirt for the winter season.
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Thermal underwear options for trail running
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Arcteryx Phase SL Crew LS Men's Thermal T-Shirt Thermal underwear made of light, thin synthetic fabric. Provides maximum breathability. Very elastic, does not hinder movements.
Let's start with a trivial piece of advice that we all often neglect - follow the manufacturer's recommendations. They can usually be found on a sewn-in tag on the garment or in the included instructions, as well as on the brand’s website. There are also some general rules thermal underwear care. The base layer is in contact with the skin, actively absorbs sweat and odors and therefore requires regular care: |
- You will add strength, tone, and motor skills to your muscles
- Get rid of sweating
- Experience true bodily comfort
- Protect yourself from hypothermia, overheating, fatigue
- Give a special piquancy to a strong figure. The microporous fabric is almost weightless, but is equipped with fibers that keep muscles and other male forms strong.
Buying thermal underwear for sports means synthesizing a bright individuality and physical perfection inherent in strong personalities.
Perfection either exists or it doesn’t. The presence of a McDavid thermal mask, a thermal T-shirt with long johns, as well as anything unusual, immediately catches the eye:
- Your body looks slim and fit in thermal underwear
- Such energetic people are loved and imitated
- The beneficial effects of heat on the body are obvious
Warm up and active, you will be remembered by others, showing excellent physical condition!
How thermal underwear helps in the gym
Modern thermal underwear for sports is so comfortable that it is unlikely to be inferior to cotton pants and padded jackets. In the training room, thermal shirts, caps and thermal long johns are more functional than ever. The use of durable nanofabric in thermal underwear significantly increases its service life. It breathes, perspires, but literally repels the cold.
First of all, let's reveal a secret. The athlete is “dead” without warmed up muscles. The possibilities of an inflamed body are deep and bottomless. The body produces heat, clothing protects it. But the primary thing is underwear, its unique fabric, its unique cut.
Thermal underwear is functional clothing designed for warming the body and winter sports. The textiles are made from polyester or polypropylene, which are excellent moisture wickers.
Cotton, wool and other impurities are added to synthetic materials, which increase the stretchability and service life of linen. The two main functions of thermal underwear are to retain heat and remove excess moisture from the body.
Types of thermal underwear
- This type is suitable for people with low or moderate physical activity who live in cold climates.
Heat-saving underwear helps keep you warm, since the air layer between the surface of the body and clothing is increased due to the cellular or volumetric weaving of the fabric.
The air in it is heated to a comfortable temperature for the body, which does not decrease and prevents a person from freezing.
- Moisture-wicking thermal underwear (functional). It removes excess moisture from the surface of the skin, keeping body temperature at the desired level.
It is made of synthetic materials that do not absorb liquid: heated air is vented out through such fabric, and sweat evaporates without remaining on clothing.
- thermal underwear combines the qualities and functions of the two previous types. Although air circulation decreases when heat is retained, and air exchange increases when excess moisture is removed, it is possible to achieve a balance between these two processes.
Manufacturers either increase the density of moisture-wicking fabric or reduce the thickness of heat-saving fabric.
The most effective is two-layer underwear, the inner layer of which is made of synthetics that remove moisture, and the outer layer is made of heat-saving or moisture-absorbing material (wool, cotton, synthetics, or a combination of them).
Material
- Natural fabrics They retain heat well and are comfortable for long wearing, but do not remove excess moisture well. This type of underwear is suitable for everyday wear, sleep, and long stays in the fresh air without moving.
The disadvantage of natural fabrics is that they wear out faster than synthetic ones, and wool can cause allergies.
- Synthetic fabrics They do not cause allergies and are suitable for sports and active leisure. If you wear synthetic thermal underwear too often and for a long time, it can cause dry skin.
- Mixed laundry, which includes both synthetics and natural materials, is suitable for leisurely walks.
Properties of thermal underwear
Modern manufacturers produce thermal underwear for men, women, teenagers and children, as well as unisex models:
- Three main types of children's thermal underwear are designed for active, semi-active and passive walks.
- Depending on lifestyle, adult underwear is designed for low, medium or high levels of physical activity.
- The choice depends on the temperature and weather conditions: manufacturers offer models for cool, cold or very cold temperatures, for windy or snowy weather.
Since thermal underwear is only the first layer in a multi-layer system, without properly selected outerwear its effectiveness will not be as high.
For intensive training outdoors, fishing or hunting, clothing that is responsible for thermoregulation is worn over the underwear, and on top is a layer that protects from the wind.
The standard set of thermal underwear is a turtleneck with long sleeve or a T-shirt paired with trousers, leggings or shorts.
In addition to this equipment, you can choose gloves, a thermal hat or balaclava, thermal socks, tights and warm insoles for winter shoes. There are also models of underwear: men's and women's briefs, tops and T-shirts.
Thermal underwear for different types sport has its own characteristics:
- Underwear for skiers has enhanced protection against hypothermia in the groin area.
- Quick-drying underwear is made for surfers.
- Especially thin, tight-fitting models are produced for skaters.
TO distinctive features thermal underwear include its low weight and volume. The fabric has an unequal density in different parts of the body: for example, it is thinner in the armpits, since this is where sweating is most profuse.
Thermal underwear is multi-layered, and each layer serves its purpose:
- the bottom one absorbs and removes excess moisture,
- the middle one takes her outside,
- The top one protects from the cold.
Another feature of thermal underwear is its antimicrobial properties: some manufacturers add inclusions of silver to the fabric, which eliminate germs and unpleasant odors.
True, participants in sports forums note that antibacterial impregnations are soon washed out, and therefore are not as effective as the manufacturer promises.
Individual impurities determine additional characteristics of thermal underwear:
- Merino wool has natural antibacterial properties that, unlike silver inclusions, will not wash out after washing. In addition, Merino sheep wool does not absorb the smell of sweat.
- The silk content ensures a tight fit to the body and prevents the skin from drying out.
- Linen with added cotton has an antistatic effect, so it can be worn under a synthetic office suit.
- To increase the elasticity and wear resistance of thermal underwear, some manufacturers add elastane, lycra or spandex fibers to its composition.
In some situations, thermal underwear is indispensable:
- sports,
- winter fishing and hunting,
- cold windy winters.
The ability to retain heat, remove excess moisture, and be invisible under clothing - the advantages of this type of underwear are obvious. In addition, some models contain bamboo, which has antibacterial properties.
- Thermal underwear is not universal: each type of activity will require a separate item of clothing, be it a walk or an intense workout outside.
- Difficult to care for. When washing clothes, you should take precautions so that they last longer and do not fade or stretch. Thermal underwear has to be washed frequently because it quickly becomes saturated with sweat.
- Price. Thermal underwear is not a cheap pleasure, especially if you want to purchase a quality product that will last for years.
How to choose thermal underwear
You should choose the appropriate type of underwear based on the purposes for which it will be used and your lifestyle.
- Models made from thin cotton fabrics, such as microfiber, are suitable for everyday wear. Choose the right thickness depending on the time of year: thick underwear is suitable for winter, thinner for summer.
Long johns or leggings with a turtleneck are designed for winter cold; For the off-season, shorts and a T-shirt are suitable.
- When choosing thermal underwear for winter fishing or hunting, give preference to models that retain heat. If you are planning for a long time stay motionless, wear thermal underwear with wool.
- Sports thermal underwear removes excess moisture from the surface of the skin, but after 3-4 hours of training it becomes saturated with sweat. Some sports lines offer models designed for specific areas: chest, arms, armpits.
- Fans of alpine skiing or snowboarding will benefit from hybrid thermal underwear, which retains heat and at the same time removes excess moisture. Its composition combines polypropylene and natural materials - cotton or wool.
- For mountaineering, rafting, hiking and sleeping in, yachting, choose underwear made of synthetic materials so as not to sweat, because in such situations it is not always possible to change into clean clothes.
- When choosing children's thermal underwear, do not buy clothes for growth - choose the exact size for the period when the child will need it.
For active children over three years old, synthetic thermal underwear with the addition of cotton or wool or pure synthetics - underwear made of polypropylene or polyester - is suitable.
- When trying on underwear, move around: bend over, squat, raise and lower your arms. Make sure that you will be comfortable in the model you are going to buy when playing sports.
The best thermal underwear has the following characteristics:
- Doesn't restrict movement, but doesn't hang either. For kayaking, it is recommended to wear underwear that fits tightly around the skin, but in other cases, you can choose a size that is a little looser. Refer to the specific manufacturer's size chart.
- Does not increase body temperature, is pleasant for the skin. Does not cause itching.
- Seamless or with flat seams on the outside of the garment. But the tags, on the contrary, are sewn on the outside.
- Does not stretch or stretch slightly when worn. After washing it returns to its original shape. In some models, the fabric on the elbows and knees is reinforced so that the linen does not wear out so quickly.
- Does not fade or stain during washing.
Thermal underwear cannot consist 100% of natural materials alone - in this case it is considered simply insulated clothing. In order for thermal underwear to perform its main functions, it must include synthetic materials.
How to use
The material and structure of the weave of the linen require careful care and thorough cleaning.
- Washing is allowed in (delicate wash mode) or by hand: the temperature in both cases should not exceed 40 degrees.
Some manufacturers produce linen that can be washed even at higher temperatures. high temperatures– information about this is indicated on the label.
- Be sure to turn fleeced laundry inside out before washing.
- The use of rinse aids, conditioners and antistatic agents is acceptable.
- Frequent washing will not affect the service life of thermal underwear, so feel free to wash it after each hike or workout.
- Do not use bleach or detergents, which contain chlorine: it destroys the structure of the fabric. Better take the regular one washing powder or laundry soap.
- Under no circumstances should you machine dry or iron thermal underwear. It is unacceptable to send thermal underwear to the dry cleaner.
- After washing, do not wring the laundry dry, but leave it to dry at room temperature without using additional heat sources. Do not dry clothes in a dryer, over a heater or over a fire. It's best to lay your clothes out on a flat surface.
Thermal underwear manufacturers
This type of clothing is presented on Russian market domestic and foreign companies.
The company offers men's and women's collections, which include T-shirts, shirts, tops, and trousers. Female models made in bright colors, while men are offered discreet shades: blue, gray, black.
The range includes underwear for everyday use, mountaineering, running, skiing and tourism.
Craft
The Swiss company is considered a world leader in the production of thermal underwear. The company focuses on athletes and presents a wide selection of textiles for men, women and children, as well as accessories (socks, leg warmers, gloves, wristbands, backpacks and bags).
The collections include thermal underwear for cool, windy and frosty weather. The company produces high-quality products with flat seams, soft embossed thread, and a large selection of colors.
Guahoo offers five thermal underwear options depending on the temperature conditions. The range includes models for daily wear, as well as for moderate and high physical activity.
The company is distinguished from others by the development of thermal underwear for teenagers, taking into account mobility, rapid growth, and body formation. The only disadvantage of Guahoo is the high price, which is not surprising given such quality and wide range.
A New Zealand thermal underwear manufacturer uses it to create clothing. sheep wool Merino. Clothing made from this material breathes easily and protects in cold weather. Merino wool is a lightweight, soft material that resists strong odors.
Linen made from such wool does not stick to the body, does not accumulate electricity and does not shrink after washing if properly cared for.
The only drawback of this material is that over time, pellets appear on it. The company's collections include outerwear, underwear, socks for different weather conditions.
When several layers are combined, the effect of thermal underwear is only enhanced; Icebraker clothing items successfully complement each other.
The Austrian company produces highly functional and comfortable thermal underwear, which is in demand throughout Europe. The company exports products to Germany, Italy, Sweden, Russia and Scandinavian countries.
The company offers clothing for winter and summer sports: running, cycling, outdoor activities. The range includes trousers, jackets, underwear and accessories for children and adults.
ODLO
The Swiss company produces sportswear and functional thermal underwear for sports and an active lifestyle.
The choice of clothing items is wide: thermal pants, long johns, T-shirts and shirts for men, children's sets of thermal long johns and long-sleeved thermal T-shirts for outdoor walks.
ODLO products are distinguished by high quality, elasticity, lightness and convenience. The company cares about the environment and constantly introduces new environmentally friendly materials into production.
Clothing is produced in Turkey, from where it is exported to Finland, Russia and other northern countries. Thermoform, like other thermal underwear manufacturers, offers men's, women's and children's models: thermal suits, long johns, T-shirts, hats and socks.
The production uses not only synthetic materials (polyester, polypropylene, nylon), but also natural cotton and wool, thermal underwear from which is suitable even for small children.
X-Bionic offers a wide selection of reliable thermal underwear for men, women and children, for any type of activity: intense training, motorcycle and motorsports, fishing and hunting, hiking, sport games. The only disadvantage of X-Bionic thermal underwear is its high cost.
Russian manufacturers of thermal underwear are also developing: Nova Tour, Red Fox, SiberWolf, Termoline, and prices for underwear from domestic manufacturers are affordable.
If you choose the right thermal underwear depending on the type of physical activity and air temperature, you will feel light and comfortable, and frost and heat will not prevent you from enjoying being outside.
Sports activities in winter time impossible without properly selected clothing, which should be warm enough to protect the body from severe frosts and piercing winds, but at the same time comfortable enough not to hamper or limit movement. That's why many people choose thermal underwear! Which thermal underwear should I choose, synthetic or natural? Maybe a combined option? Let's look at the pros and cons below!
Why thermal underwear?
It is almost impossible to achieve this effect without using high-quality thermal underwear, which retains heat and removes moisture. Moreover, it is the second point that is key, because during physical activity profuse sweating is inevitably observed, which, when using ordinary clothing, leads to its getting wet and an increased feeling of cold.
Thermal underwear solves exactly this problem by removing moisture from the body and at the same time remaining dry. Outwardly, it has no major differences with the traditional one, intended for everyday wear, and it is not visible under clothes.
Natural or synthetic thermal underwear?
Depending on the material, thermal underwear can be natural (wool, cotton) or synthetic (polyester, polypropylene). Very often you can find advice from various experts who categorically do not recommend purchasing underwear made from natural materials. This is justified by the fact that cotton and wool, although they have high thermal insulating qualities, are not able to solve the problem of removing moisture, which is absorbed into the fabric, takes a long time to dry and aggravates the effects of frost.
But is this statement true for absolutely all types of thermal underwear made from natural fabrics? Let's try to figure this out and find out what the features of clothing made from artificial and natural fabrics are, and for what cases each of these options is more suitable.
Synthetic thermal underwear for winter!
This category includes thermal underwear made from materials such as polyester and polypropylene, as well as mixed materials based on them. Spandex, nylon or elastane are most often used as admixtures. The industry produces a wide variety of synthetic fabrics, differing in the nuances of composition, type of weaving, strength and elasticity, level of thermal insulation, intensity of moisture removal: Eclipse, Coolmax, Polartec, PowerStretch and others.
Among the main advantages of synthetic thermal underwear it is worth highlighting:
- comfortable to wear, pleasant feeling on the skin;
- compactness and lightness;
- high wear resistance, preservation of original qualities and appearance for a long time;
- ease of washing and care in general.
But there are also some negative points:
- unpleasant odor, to eliminate which it is necessary to wash after one day of wearing;
- use in the production of artificial fibers based on petroleum products.
In winter conditions there can be various problems with thermal underwear!
When playing sports, a person inevitably begins to sweat, and a unique microclimate begins to form between his skin and underwear, characterized by a high level of humidity.
This moisture begins to condense on clothing, since moist and warm air masses are always directed to places where the temperature and humidity of the environment are lower.
If traditional clothes absorbs all this moisture, sticks to the body and then dries out for a painfully long time, but in the case of synthetic thermal underwear, it happens differently: moisture passes along the surface of the artificial fibers, but is not absorbed into them.
Warm, moisture-saturated air, due to the difference in temperature and humidity levels, is pushed out, passing through microscopic cracks between the fibers.
It is also important to note that polyester with polypropylene practically does not absorb moisture (maximum - 0.4 percent of its own weight), ensuring its removal into the outer layer and fairly uniform distribution over the surface, from where it evaporates naturally into the environment.
Manufacturers are continuously working to improve the process of removing sweat from the body, developing new designs, weaving options, using various options combinations of materials. Some non-standard and innovative solutions are constantly appearing, experiments are being carried out with the introduction of zones whose structure differs from the rest of the clothing.
It is also worth noting that professional models of thermal underwear are additionally treated with special chemical compounds, which improves the hydrophilic properties of the material and reduces the time for moisture removal to the outside. Typically, manufacturers declare that the substances they use are completely safe for humans, but it is still not recommended to wear such underwear all the time.
Natural thermal underwear for winter!
Most negative reviews about thermal underwear are from natural materials applies to products in the manufacture of which cotton or ordinary wool is used. Such clothes really do not remove moisture in the best way; they get very wet and take a long time to dry, which ultimately negates their heat-saving properties.
However, modern high-quality natural thermal underwear is made mainly from a special type of wool obtained from merino sheep. This is a special breed of fine-wool sheep, the main advantage of which is the highest quality of combed wool, consisting of thin soft fibers. For many people, it was a real revelation that excellent thermal underwear can be made from wool, but in this case this is indeed the case.
Its main advantages include:
- light weight;
- not susceptible to moisture absorption;
- fairly rapid removal of moisture, maintaining thermal insulation qualities even when wet;
- high resistance to discoloration and pilling;
- absolute environmental friendliness: natural fibers are safe for both human health and environment, as they are produced exclusively from renewable resources that are easily recycled or disposed of.
Disadvantages include:
- slower drying process compared to the synthetic version;
- there is a possibility of laundry shrinking after washing.
How natural thermal underwear works in winter!
The principle of operation of thermal underwear based on merino wool is fundamentally different from synthetic ones, since wool absorbs incomparably more moisture - up to 36 percent of its own weight.
However, this specific feature does not interfere with the desired process: moisture is gradually removed to the outer surface of the thermal underwear, from where it evaporates under the influence of environmental factors.
This happens primarily due to the core of the hairs, the cortex, through which the absorbed water is gradually brought to the surface due to the difference in humidity inside and outside.
Of course, in this case, many may wonder whether, due to the high level of moisture absorption by wool, there is an unpleasant feeling of wet clothes. This usually does not happen except in some cases:
- if the athlete sweats excessively, but then synthetic underwear simply will not have time to cope with its responsibilities;
- if, due to excessive environmental humidity, the laws of physics simply stop working, usually forcing internal moisture to come out.
It is interesting to note that, despite the high hydrophilicity of wool, the outer parts of the wool have water-repellent properties due to the presence of a layer of natural lanolin on them. It is thanks to this that even when wet, thermal underwear made of merino wool does not stick to the body and the athlete does not have the feeling that he is “drenched to the skin.”
At the same time, as noted above, with particularly intense sweating, neither synthetics nor wool can provide rapid moisture removal, but woolen underwear will be much more comfortable. A certain role in this is also played by such a phenomenon as the heat of sorption, which implies the release of a certain amount of heat by wool when wet, which is not observed when using artificial fibers.
Combined version of thermal underwear!
Thermal underwear made from a combination of synthetic and natural fibers, which combines the qualities of both the first and the second, is quite common. Such clothes wick away moisture well and keep you warm. The positive and negative aspects of combined thermal underwear depend on a number of factors, primarily on the proportions in which the components are used. In general, such underwear is usually an excellent option for those who do not have any special requirements and want a universal option for various occasions.
In addition to the type of material used in the production of linen, in the selection process you should pay attention to indicators such as the density and weight of the fabric. Determining and choosing in a particular case is quite simple: the lower the temperature and the less active the loads, the heavier and denser the underwear should be. And vice versa.
Most manufacturers use special markings to make it easier for buyers to choose:
- Microweight – for intense loads in warm weather conditions, well suited, for example, for running in positive temperatures.
- Lightweight a good choice for training during the onset of cold weather.
- Midweight is the golden mean. This type of underwear is suitable for active activities in frosty weather or a more relaxing pastime in relatively warm weather.
- Heavyweight is the choice of those who engage in mountaineering and enjoy hiking in the winter.
- Polar weight - such underwear will not allow you to freeze even in the most severe frosts.
Manufacturers can also indicate the temperature conditions under which this or that thermal underwear is designed:
- Cool – for wearing in cold weather;
- Light – focused on cool weather;
- Warm – best worn in warm weather;
- Extrawarm – indispensable in hot conditions.
The right size is the key to comfort
When choosing thermal underwear to use for winter training, it is critical to determine your size correctly. This will largely determine how effectively it will work, that is, to remove moisture and keep you warm in frosty weather. The correct size will be when the underwear fits tightly to the figure, following the contours of the body in detail and without forming any folds or wrinkles.
In order not to make a mistake with the choice, it is necessary to try it on. Having put on the thing you like, you should actively move, squat, wave your arms and legs. At the same time, the underwear should not sag anywhere, gather in folds, bulge or outlive any part of the body; no discomfort should arise in it.
Don't skimp on thermal underwear!
Of course, it is not necessary to act on the basis of the principle “the more expensive the better” and buy the most expensive underwear, but the statement that cheap cannot be of high quality in this case works one hundred percent. This fact must be taken for granted and not try to deceive yourself.
The fact is that the production of high-quality thermal underwear is carried out exclusively from high-tech expensive materials, and the actual technology for sewing it is very expensive. All this ultimately affects the price ready-made kit. And there is no point in spending money on some cheap thermal underwear, since it will not be able to provide the expected effect.
Choice of thermal underwear manufacturer!
Today there are many sports brands on the market that specialize exclusively in the production of thermal underwear or produce them in addition to their main products. The following brands are most popular in our country:
- Craft is a Swedish company that has been producing thermal underwear for almost four decades. Offers a wide range of products in various price categories.
- Norveg is one of the most popular thermal underwear brands among domestic buyers. It produces seven series of underwear, mainly in the above-average price category.
- Red Fox is a Russian company that produces two types of clothing (thin and thick) in the middle price category.
- Guahoo is a Finnish brand, one of the first to present its products on the domestic market. It produces a wide variety of thermal underwear designed for different levels of physical activity and different temperature conditions. The cost is above average.
- Comazo is a German brand specializing in the production of budget thermal underwear. This product is more suitable for everyday wear than for active training.
When choosing thermal underwear, you should not focus primarily on its appearance or cost, but on quality and functionality. Only in this case will it ensure effective removal of moisture and prevent freezing during cold weather.
Thermal underwear is functional underwear, the function of which is to provide the human body with a comfortable thermal regime. Initially, this type of special underwear was developed for army special forces, but gradually thermal underwear began to be used not only in the army. Extreme athletes, whose intense physical activity caused an increase in body temperature and active sweating against the backdrop of unfavorable environmental conditions, were the first to appreciate all the benefits and advantages of thermal underwear. Subsequently, this underwear became an integral part of the equipment of most professional athletes and fans of active sports. Currently, thermal underwear is presented in a wide range in specialized stores for sports and tourism, and anyone who wants to feel comfortable during fitness or active leisure can afford to purchase it.
Many people mistakenly believe that the main functions of thermal underwear are to retain heat and warm the body. This statement is only partly true, since the main task of such underwear is to remove sweat from the body that is released during fitness training and other intense activities. And in addition to this function, thermal underwear provides comfort to the body, warming in cold weather or cooling in a hot environment.
Depending on the additional functions of thermal underwear, it is divided into 3 types:
- Summer, intended for fitness classes in the gym or outdoors from April to October at ambient temperatures from +10 to +35 degrees.
- Universal. This underwear can be used during any outdoor physical activity in autumn, winter and spring, if the ambient temperature ranges from -10 to +10 degrees.
- Winter, designed for outdoor physical activity at temperatures from 0 to -30 degrees. It will be warm and comfortable not only for skiing or skating, but also for simply walking on a cold day or fishing on the river.
The special functionality of thermal underwear is achieved due to the material from which it is made. The following synthetic fabrics are used to sew underwear for physical activity:
- polypropylene.
It does not get wet, but is able to efficiently remove moisture. Thermal underwear made of polypropylene dries in a few minutes directly on the body, so it is very convenient to carry out active fitness training in it;
- polyester.
In terms of its functional characteristics, this material is slightly inferior to polypropylene, but it is softer. Polyester underwear is pleasant to the body and durable;
- polyamide.
Seamless thermal underwear is made from this material, which is lightweight and smooth;
- elastane.
These synthetic fibers are added to the fabric to give the product strength. Underwear containing elastane has good stretch. It is convenient to conduct fitness classes aimed at stretching or including elements of stretching.
Natural fabrics can also be used in the production of thermal underwear, for example:
- wool.
Wool warms well if fitness training is carried out outside during the cold season, and its fibers gently massage the skin, increasing blood circulation;
- cotton.
Cotton threads in their pure form are practically not used in the production of fabric for thermal underwear, since cotton quickly absorbs and retains moisture for a long time. Most often, cotton threads in the fabric are combined with synthetic ones. Pure cotton underwear can be used in cases where physical activity does not involve active actions that provoke profuse sweating;
- silk.
This natural fabric, like cotton, is not used in its pure form, but is combined with synthetic threads.
The texture of the fabric also matters in the functionality of thermal underwear. A special weave of threads makes it possible to obtain a fabric with from 1 to 3 layers. Additionally, using different techniques weaving, you can get different textured zones on underwear that provide maximum comfort in the places of the greatest or least sweating on the body during physical activity.
Summer thermal underwear is usually made from single-layer fabrics, which should allow air to pass through well, cool the body, remove sweat and dry quickly. Double-layer fabrics are used to sew universal underwear that can simultaneously wick away moisture and provide warmth. Typically, the top, warming layer resembles cells or honeycombs, through which the moisture released by the body during fitness training is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the underwear and dries quickly. Three-layer fabrics are usually used when sewing thermal underwear, the characteristics of which include an antibacterial effect. From a hygiene point of view, it is indispensable for tourists and climbers, who often do not have the opportunity to change their underwear after physical activity. The antibacterial properties of thermal underwear can be achieved due to the content of special granules in the third layer of fabric, which are washed off after 3-5 washes, or by weaving a thin silver thread into the material. Linen with silver thread retains its antibacterial properties throughout the entire period of use.
Rules for choosing thermal underwear for fitness classes
To ensure that thermal underwear does not cause discomfort during intense fitness classes and performs its functions efficiently, you need to choose it based on the following rules:
- The size of the underwear must match the body parameters. This underwear should fit tightly, but at the same time, not hamper movement;
- the characteristics of thermal underwear must match the ambient temperature and the intensity of physical activity;
- It is advisable to choose seamless thermal underwear or models in which the seams and labels are on the outside to protect the skin from chafing.