In the last article, we have already touched on quite a few well-known errors, “illogicalities,” oversights, and even frankly and well-known scientists. If you haven't read it yet, it's best to start there. And today we will go even further, it turns out that in science there is really nothing except mistakes of scientists, stupid accidents and copying of inventions from nature.
Errors and science
Yes in science there really were a lot of accidents and outright mistakes of scientists, which more than once led to the evolution of knowledge. For example, as I said earlier, there is even a separate book about Einstein's mistakes, which ultimately made possible all the knowledge and theories that he gave to the world.
And it's even possible that if he hadn't constantly made mistakes in his calculations, he wouldn't have come up with even half of it his theories, and would not have made even half of his discoveries. Maybe lawsuitWith The ability to make mistakes correctly is a science, and the best scientist in the world, the one who made the most mistakes in science.
Stupid science
You won't believe it, but in the history of science there have been many cases when wonderful advanced technologies were based on even erroneous theories, which at the same time worked perfectly. So the most banal example of stupid but working science is the inexplicable heat engine operation.
So for a long time the explanation of the working mechanism of steam engines was based on erroneous scientific caloric theory, which, by the way, had many followers from famous scientists.
And strangely enough, this did not at all interfere with the development and evolution of various technical mechanisms. So steamboats, steam locomotives and other steam engines somehow worked successfully all this time, and even quickly improved, of course, despite the fact that stupid science explained them with its own incorrect theories. This is probably what scientists call work and develop no matter what🙂 .
Paleontologists' mistakes
Although the mistakes of physicists, chemists, mathematicians and other scientific theorists and inventors seem understandable, because they work with very complex formulas and theories. But in the history of mistakes made by scientists, there were other interesting discoveries, seemingly in sciences in which it is difficult to make a mistake. For example, in paleontology and the study of animals of ancient times.
It would seem that he found some bones, assembled a skeleton from them, and the whole triumph of scientific knowledge, but it turned out that everything was not so simple. After all, there have already been cases more than once when Scientists paleontologists put dinosaur heads to their tails, or toes hooked onto the head instead of horns. And even cases when very famous paleontologists mistook the found teeth of pigs for teeth lossn ny ancestors of primitive man.
And also when scientists found in the rocks the remains of long-extinct fish, for example Coelicanthus, and announced that then these types of fish disappeared because they turned into amphibious creatures proving the theory of evolution.
But then by chance, already in our time, such fish were caught by fishermen, and in different places around the world. And naturally even For a monstrous 75 million years for humans, this fish has not changed at all, again refuting the theory of evolution, not like turning into a land animal.What is this, another mistake of scientific men, or anotherA I am an attempt at wishful thinking, trying to prove Darwin’s theory, which he himself called untenable.
And recently the team Mark Parnell In the magazine "nature" at all called into question all the previous work of paleontologists. It turned out that in animals and fish after death, their most modern characteristics are the first to disappear.
Respectively, those who study history only from fossils very often make the mistake of mistaking fossils for the remains of much more ancient animals than they actually were.. So now it would be nice to completely reconsider this historical science, such an erroneous science is paleontology.
The most famous mistakes of scientists
In general, there were all kinds of famous mistakes of scientists in this erroneous science, and this is not even taking into account the very old times. Beginning with alchemists greedy for gold and eternal life, And the famous Aristotle, who until the end of his life believed that some objects fall faster than others.
Or even the mythical element Phlogiston, which incorrectly explains combustion to medieval scientists, and medieval study of the history of the earth from the Bible. And what can we say if even in physics nothing smaller than an atom existed almost until our days.
Not even to mention that Doctors only realized in 1860 that surgeons should wash their hands before surgery.. Strangely enough, before this there were many scientific theories in medicine, from “bad air” to an imbalance of the four juices, but no one even thought of washing their handsA gal, of course surprised at such frequent gangrene. And this despite the fact that medicine in one form or another has existed for thousands of years.
Well, we won’t even remember about whales, elephants and turtles, on which the earth and the geocentric system stand; modern erroneous science has long disowned them. But besides mistakes, modern scientists also have such an unexpected tool for science as chance.
Random discoveries
A how many modern discoveries arose only as a result of simple negligence, and not science. Surely you think that the most advanced discoveries arise as a result of long deliberation, large quantity experiments and a lot of work. But let's Let's see which of the famous discoveries were made by accident.
Everyone knows the famous accidental discoveries of both scientists and amateurs, ranging from Columbus, who through stupidity, negligence or poor navigation methods discovered the whole new continent of America, instead of mythical India or Asia.
Yes, the same famous ones antibiotics were discovered not by long scientific searches, but from accidental mold contamination of test tubes with pathogenic bacteria, accidentally or simply carelessly left near an open window. So through negligence the famous penicillin appeared and a revolution in modern medicine occurred, but today useful antibiotics save the lives of many millions of people.
Discoveries made by chance
What can I say, among the discoveries made by chance there is almost everything that a person needs, from banal little things, for example, sticky multi-colored leaves for a reminder on our table, to very high-tech devices.Even The microwave was invented by a military man navy, who accidentally discovered a melted chocolate bar in his pocket, when studying and trying to improve military radars. It is unknown what happened to the health of this unfortunate inventor, but in fact, a microwave oven is now in almost every kitchen.
Random inventions in food
Even the most famous carbonated drink Coca Cola became carbonated only because in the pharmacy where it was sold, some stupid seller accidentally diluted colla with water from the wrong tap. That is, I accidentally poured sparkling water, but the customers liked it. And now tens of billions of dollars are made from this drink every year. Think not bad for a simple accident.
And there are more than enough such accidental inventions or design errors both among scientists and in the food industry. Even everyone's favorite French fries were also prepared for the first time due to accidental negligence.
Or, for example, The best-selling chocolate chip cookie in America could only have been invented and accidentally baked by the least physics-savvy housewife.. And note that today one of the best-selling types of food in the world, does a person really have to be a pathological loser to invent something like this and earn millions?)
Sometimes it even seems that scientists don’t really come up with anything purposefully, their job is either to make mistakes, or blindly copy technologies from nature, or, in extreme cases, miraculously make uncontrolled random discoveries.
Of course, such “brilliant discoveries” and scientific progress, despite all the existing scientific errors, sometimes baffle even the most devoted person to science. Now even we, unlearned people, see that very often all of our modern science is just a huge collection of various scientific errors, accidents, stupid and unproven theories, or simply thoughtlessly copied and stolenn from the nature of ideas.
How, then, can one rely on previously sacred scientific knowledge? And okay, there’s radiocarbon dating, incomprehensible to anyone, physics, mathematics, space, time, let’s say it’s relatively complicated. But modern science cannot even study an ordinary person and his capabilities normally.
Yes, even the person himself, and therefore the scientist, has been studied very little by science, and what has been studied usually adds to the list of ever new mistakes of modern scientists, and this is what our next article is about, about unstudied intellectual ones. Well, on our Training and Self-Development portal you can find articles and much more.
Dozens of things that we use every day appeared thanks to a simple accident. The most famous example is, of course, the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, who actually sailed to India.
American researcher Charlotte Jones, in her book “Mistakes That Made Money,” collected many examples of mistakes that have affected our lives. Here are some of them.
1. Microwave oven.
In 1945, American engineer Percy Spencer, who received more than 120 patents for inventions, an employee of the global military-industrial complex Raytheon, while conducting regular research, walked in front of a working emitter and discovered that the chocolate bar in his pocket had melted.
After a series of tests, the first microwave oven weighing about 400 kg was created. It was supposed to be used in restaurants, airplanes and ships - where food needed to be quickly reheated.
2. Stickers - adhesive pieces of paper for notes.
In 1968, Dr. Spence Silver, an employee of the 3M company, tried to develop an improved adhesive for tape. As a result of his experiments, a new heat- and water-resistant substance appeared that adhered to any surface. Spence Silver knew he had a completely new product, but he couldn't figure out what to do with it.
In 1973, another company employee, Art Fry, came up with a use for his invention. Fry sang in the church choir, but kept losing paper bookmarks from the hymnal. He came up with the idea of applying glue to paper strips, which were easily attached to any surface.
However, it took another 7 years to convince the management of 3M to bring this idea to life.
In 1981, after just 1 year of sales, stickers became the company's best-selling product and brought it incredible profits.
3. Supermarket trolley.
In 1936, American store owner Sylvan Goldman noticed how one customer placed a heavy bag on a toy car that her son was rolling on a string. So Goldman came up with the idea of attaching wheels to an ordinary basket. Later, he brought in mechanics to help and made a model of a modern cart.
4. Chocolate chip cookies.
In the 1930s American hotel owner Ruth Wakefield decided to bake chocolate chip cookies. She broke a chocolate bar and mixed the pieces of chocolate with the dough, hoping that the chocolate would melt and give the dough chocolate color and taste. Her ignorance of the laws of physics let her down, and she took out cookies with chocolate chunks from the oven.
5. Rubber.
In 1844, American inventor Charles Goodyear accidentally heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur on his kitchen stove. So he invented rubber that does not soften in the heat and does not become brittle in the cold. New technology called vulcanization and became the impetus for the development of the electrical industry and automotive industry.
6. Pacemaker.
In 1941, Canadian engineer John Hopps commissioned navy conducted research on how to quickly warm a person who has been in the cold or in cool water for a long time.
He tried to use frequency radio radiation for warming up and discovered that the heart, which stopped beating as a result of hypothermia, could be “started” again if it was provoked by electronic impulses.
American physician Wilson Greatbatch made the second accidental discovery. He was working on creating a device that was supposed to record heart rhythm. At some point, Greatbatch mistakenly installed a resistor with the wrong value. And suddenly he noticed that the rhythm he created completely corresponded to the normal rhythm of the heart. The inventor realized that this device could control the rhythm of the heartbeat. This is how the first built-in pacemaker appeared.
7. Antibiotics.
In 1928, the English scientist Alexander Fleming saw that penicillin mold had infected one of his samples containing pathogenic staphylococcus microbes, left near an open window. Having examined the standard under a microscope, he saw that the mold was destroying the bacteria.
The significance of Fleming's discovery became clear only in 1940, when massive research began around the world on a new type of antibiotic drug.
Many scientific discoveries were made as a result of unfortunate mistakes, when they wanted to invent one thing, but ended up with something completely different, no less important. We will tell you about some of these errors that became discoveries.
Rubber
In the 19th century, inventor Goodyear mistakenly came up with a method for vulcanizing rubber. In those days, rubber was a very fragile and capricious material. The inventor tried in every possible way to improve its qualities so that it could withstand both heat and frost. By pure chance, Goodyear heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur in his kitchen. Just about to throw away the resulting component, the inventor examined it carefully and came to the conclusion that this was the solution to the problem. Thanks to this discovery, the electrical industry began to develop, because rubber served as an excellent insulating material.
Microwave
The man who unexpectedly invented the microwave was initially working on the problem of improving the quality of radar. Since these were the years of World War II, the military-industrial complex was aimed at creating a new type of weapon. During the experiment with the emitter, Percy Spencer walked along it and noticed that a candy bar lying there had softened in the pocket of his lab coat. He repeated the experiment on purpose, and after a series of tests the first microwave was built. The first copies weighed almost half a ton and were intended for large restaurants, airliners and sea vessels, where food had to be heated quickly. 
The first microwave oven
Pacemaker
One of the first models of pacemaker
At the beginning of World War II, at the request of military sailors, engineer John Hopps developed a heater for people who had spent a long time in icy water or cold. The result is a device that saves lives and makes the heart work again. While working on the heater, Hopps noticed that the heart of a frozen person, even if it had stopped beating, would restart after being exposed to electrical impulses. After some modifications, the first pacemaker was designed, which was very bulky. In addition, its use was fraught with burns on the patient’s body. This device was already improved by another person, and also by mistake. Doctor Wilson Greatbatch wanted to create a device to record the rhythm of the human heart. By mistake, he inserted the wrong resistor into the new device and saw that the resulting oscillations resembled the rhythm of the human heart. A few years later, this doctor came up with a pacemaker that is implanted into the heart muscle, causing it to work again.
Implantable pacemaker
X-ray
X-ray radiation was discovered after the German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen mistakenly left photographic film in the laboratory next to a working high-voltage cathode tube at the end of the nineteenth century. When he remembered the film, it was all exposed. The scientist was interested in this, and he remembered how he saw that objects that were near the working tube for some time began to glow in the dark. Then he suggested that there was some kind of radiation still unknown to science. This assumption was later confirmed. "Viagra"
British doctors invented this drug by mistake instead of the drug they were developing for heart disease. As doctors assumed, the new drug was supposed to lower blood pressure and ensure blood supply to the heart muscle. Testing of this drug showed that this did not happen, but all the male patients who took part in testing the drug refused to return the remaining pills they had. The reason was that all these men felt a significant improvement in their erections. It turned out that the new medicine ensures blood flow not to the heart, but to the genitals. This is how the drug “Viagra” was born, which received its name from two words: Vigor - power, energy, strength and Niagara - one of the most powerful waterfalls in the world. Hair bleaching
A Parisian pharmacist was working on creating a new medicine. When he was doing magic in his pharmacy, a black cat was always hovering under his feet. The pharmacist accidentally spilled hydrogen peroxide on him. After some time, the black color of the cat became diluted yellow spots. So, the pharmacy did not receive a new medicine, but women got the opportunity to turn into blondes at their own request. One thing can be said: don’t be afraid of mistakes. Try, dare and change the world for the better!
Dozens of things that we use every day appeared thanks to a simple accident. The most famous such discovery is, of course, the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, who actually sailed to
Dozens of things that we use every day appeared thanks to a simple accident. The most famous such discovery, of course, is the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, who actually sailed towards Asia, reports the Observer.
Coca Cola
In 1886, the doctor and pharmacist John Pemberton tried to prepare a mixture based on an extract from the leaves of the South American coca plant and African cola nuts, which have tonic properties. Pemberton tried the finished mixture and realized that it tasted good. Pemberton believed that this syrup could help people suffering from fatigue, stress and toothache. The pharmacist took the syrup to the largest pharmacy in the city of Atlanta. The first batches of syrup were sold that same day, at five cents per glass.
However, the Coca-Cola drink was created as a result of negligence. By chance, the seller, diluting the syrup, mixed up the taps and poured sparkling water instead of ordinary water. The resulting mixture became Coca-Cola. Initially, this drink was not very successful.
During the first year of soda production, Pemberton spent $79.96 on advertising the new drink, but was only able to sell $50 worth of Coca-Cola. Nowadays Coca-Cola is produced and drunk in 200 countries around the world.
Chocolate chip cookies
One of the most popular types of cookies in the United States is chocolate-chip cookies. It was invented in the 1930s, when the owner of a small hotel Ruth Wakefield I decided to bake butter cookies. The woman broke a chocolate bar and mixed the chocolate pieces into the dough, hoping that the chocolate would melt and give the dough a brown color and a chocolate flavor. However, Wakefield was let down by her ignorance of the laws of physics, and she took out cookies with chocolate chips from the oven.
Post-it Notes
Adhesive papers appeared as a result of an unsuccessful experiment to increase the durability of glue.. In 1968, a 3M research laboratory employee tried to improve the quality of adhesive tape. He received a dense glue that was not absorbed into the surfaces being glued and was completely useless for the production of adhesive tape. The researcher did not know how to use the new type of glue. Four years later, a colleague of his, who sang in a church choir in his free time, was annoyed that the bookmarks in the book of hymns kept falling out. Then he remembered about glue that could secure paper bookmarks without damaging the pages of the book. Post-it Notes were first released in 1980.
Rubber
In 1844, the inventor Charles Goodyear I accidentally discovered a recipe for making rubber that does not soften in the heat and does not become brittle in the cold. The new technology is called vulcanization. Goodyear, who had been unsuccessfully trying for many years to improve the quality of rubber, at that time an extremely capricious and inconvenient material, once accidentally heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur on the kitchen stove. The discovery of the rubber vulcanization process was the impetus for the development of the electrical industry, since rubber is an excellent insulating material. Goodyear's invention made the modern automobile possible.
Pacemaker
This device, which saves the lives of millions of people suffering from heart disease, was invented by accident. In 1941, engineer John Hopps Conducted research in the field of hypothermia for the Navy. He was given the task of finding a way to quickly warm a person who had been in the cold or in cold weather for a long time. cold water. Hopps tried to use high-frequency radio waves for warming up and accidentally discovered that a heart that had stopped beating as a result of hypothermia could be restarted if it was stimulated with electrical impulses. In 1950, based on Hopps's discovery, the first pacemaker was created. It was large and inconvenient; its use sometimes led to burns on the patient’s body.
Medic Wilson Greatbatch made a second accidental discovery. He was working on creating a device that was supposed to record heart rhythm. One day he accidentally inserted the wrong resistor into the device and noticed that oscillations arose in the electrical circuit, reminiscent of the rhythm of the human heart. Two years later, Greatbatch created the first implantable pacemaker, which delivers artificial impulses to stimulate the heart.
Antibiotics
In 1928, the scientist Alexander Fleming noticed that penicillin mold had contaminated one of his samples containing pathogenic staphylococcus bacteria, left near an open window. Fleming examined the sample under a microscope and noticed that the mold was killing off the bacteria. The importance of Fleming's discovery became clear only in 1940, when massive research began around the world on a new type of medicine - antibiotics. Nowadays, antibiotics are extremely widely used in medicine; they account for up to 15% of all drugs sold in the world.
Supermarket trolley
Dealer Sylvan Goldman invented the first shopping cart in 1936. Goldman owned a large grocery store in Oklahoma City and noticed that customers were refusing to buy certain items because they were too heavy to carry. The discovery was accidental: Goldman noticed how one customer placed a heavy bag on top of a toy car that her son was rolling on a string. The merchant first attached small wheels to an ordinary basket, and then attracted mechanics to help and created a prototype of a modern cart. Mass production of this device began in 1947. The invention of the trolley made it possible to create the new kind store - supermarket.
Garbage bag
Harry Wasylyk In 1950 he invented the first garbage bag. Vasilyuk was an inventor and engineer, and one day the city municipality approached him and set a task: to ensure that household waste did not spill out during the loading of waste collection machines. Vasilyuk had been thinking about creating something like a vacuum cleaner for a long time, but the decision came suddenly. One of his friends or family (versions differ) said the phrase: “I need a garbage bag!” Vasilyuk realized that For waste management operations, disposable bags should be used and suggested making them from polyethylene. The Winnipeg hospital was the first to use plastic garbage bags. The first garbage bags intended for private use appeared in the 1960s. Nowadays, one of the most important problems that humanity must solve is waste disposal.
Microwave
Famous explorer Percy Spencer having received more than 120 patents for inventions, an employee of one of the largest companies in the global military-industrial complex, Raytheon, accidentally became the creator of a microwave oven. In 1945, shortly before the end of World War II, he conducted research aimed at improving the quality of radar. At the moment of the experiment, Spencer walked in front of the working emitter and discovered that the candy bar in his pocket had melted. After a series of experiments, the first microwave oven was created, which weighed about 400 kg. It was supposed to be used in restaurants, airplanes and ships - where food needed to be quickly reheated. Nowadays, a microwave oven is found in approximately every twelfth kitchen in the world.
Dozens of things that we use every day appeared thanks to a simple accident. The most famous such discovery is, of course, the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, who actually sailed towards Asia. And now, as Washington ProFile reports, American researcher Charlotte Foltz Jones has published the book “Mistakes That Worked,” in which she collected many examples of mistakes that, to a greater or lesser extent, affected the life of mankind.
"Coca Cola"
In 1886, doctor and pharmacist John Pemberton tried to prepare a mixture based on an extract from the leaves of the South American coca plant and African cola nuts, which have tonic properties. Pemberton tried the finished mixture and realized that it tasted good. Pemberton believed that this syrup could help people suffering from fatigue, stress and toothache. The pharmacist took the syrup to the largest pharmacy in the city of Atlanta. The first batches of syrup were sold that same day, at five cents per glass. However, the Coca-Cola drink was created as a result of negligence. By chance, the seller, diluting the syrup, mixed up the taps and poured sparkling water instead of ordinary water. The resulting mixture became Coca-Cola. Initially, this drink was not very successful. During the first year of soda production, Pemberton spent $79.96 on advertising the new drink, but was only able to sell $50 worth of Coca-Cola. Nowadays Coca-Cola is produced and drunk in 200 countries around the world.
Chocolate chip cookies
One of the most popular types of cookies in the United States is chocolate chip cookies. It was invented in the 1930s, when the owner of a small hotel, Ruth Wakefield, decided to bake butter cookies. The woman broke a chocolate bar and mixed the chocolate pieces into the dough, hoping that the chocolate would melt and give the dough a brown color and a chocolate flavor. However, Wakefield was let down by her ignorance of the laws of physics, and she took out cookies with chocolate chips from the oven.
Sticky Notes
Adhesive papers appeared as a result of an unsuccessful experiment to enhance the durability of glue. In 1968, a 3M research laboratory employee tried to improve the quality of adhesive tape. He received a dense glue that was not absorbed into the surfaces being glued and was completely useless for the production of adhesive tape. The researcher did not know how to use the new type of glue. Four years later, a colleague of his, who sang in a church choir in his free time, was annoyed that the bookmarks in the book of hymns kept falling out. Then he remembered about glue that could secure paper bookmarks without damaging the pages of the book. Post-it Notes were first released in 1980.
In 1844, inventor Charles Goodyear accidentally discovered a recipe for making rubber that did not soften in the heat and did not become brittle in the cold. The new technology is called vulcanization. Goodyear, who had been unsuccessfully trying for many years to improve the quality of rubber, at that time an extremely capricious and inconvenient material, one day accidentally heated a mixture of rubber and sulfur on the kitchen stove. The discovery of the rubber vulcanization process was the impetus for the development of the electrical industry, since rubber is an excellent insulating material. Goodyear's invention made the modern automobile possible.
Pacemaker
This device, which saves the lives of millions of people suffering from heart disease, was invented by accident. In 1941, engineer John Hopps was commissioned by the Navy to conduct research on hypothermia. He was given the task of finding a way to quickly warm a person who had been in the cold or cold water for a long time. Hopps tried to use high-frequency radio waves for warming up and accidentally discovered that a heart that had stopped beating as a result of hypothermia could be restarted if it was stimulated with electrical impulses. In 1950, based on Hopps's discovery, the first pacemaker was created. It was large and inconvenient; its use sometimes led to burns on the patient’s body. Medic Wilson Greatbatch made a second accidental discovery. He was working on creating a device that was supposed to record heart rhythm. One day he accidentally inserted the wrong resistor into the device and noticed that oscillations arose in the electrical circuit, reminiscent of the rhythm of the human heart. Two years later, Greatbatch created the first implantable pacemaker, which delivers artificial impulses to stimulate the heart.
Antibiotics
In 1928, scientist Alexander Fleming noticed that penicillin mold had contaminated one of his samples containing pathogenic staphylococcus bacteria that had been left near an open window. Fleming examined the sample under a microscope and noticed that the mold was killing off the bacteria. The importance of Fleming's discovery became clear only in 1940, when massive research began around the world on a new type of antibiotic drug. Nowadays, antibiotics are extremely widely used in medicine; they account for up to 15% of all drugs sold in the world.
Supermarket trolley
Merchant Sylvan Goldman invented the first shopping cart in 1936. Goldman owned a large grocery store in Oklahoma City and noticed that customers were refusing to buy certain items because they were too heavy to carry. The discovery was accidental: Goldman noticed how one customer placed a heavy bag on top of a toy car that her son was rolling on a string. The merchant first attached small wheels to an ordinary basket, and then attracted mechanics to help and created a prototype of a modern cart. Mass production of this device began in 1947. The invention of the trolley made it possible to create a new type of store - a supermarket.
Garbage bag
Harry Vasilyuk invented the first garbage bag in 1950. Vasilyuk was an inventor and engineer, and one day the city municipality approached him and set a task: to ensure that household waste did not spill out during the loading of waste collection machines. Vasilyuk had been thinking about creating something like a vacuum cleaner for a long time, but the decision came suddenly. One of his friends or family (versions differ) said the phrase: “I need a garbage bag!” Vasilyuk realized that disposable bags should be used for waste management and suggested making them from polyethylene. The Winnipeg hospital was the first to use plastic garbage bags. The first garbage bags intended for private use appeared in the 1960s. Nowadays, one of the most important problems that humanity must solve is waste disposal.
Microwave
The famous researcher Percy Spencer, who received more than 120 patents for inventions, an employee of one of the largest companies in the global military-industrial complex, Raytheon, accidentally became the creator of the microwave oven. In 1945, shortly before the end of World War II, he conducted research aimed at improving the quality of radar. At the moment of the experiment, Spencer walked in front of the working emitter and discovered that the candy bar in his pocket had melted. After a series of experiments, the first microwave oven was created, which weighed about 400 kg. It was supposed to be used in restaurants, airplanes and ships - where food needed to be quickly reheated.