• The child does not speak

  Good day, please tell me, my son is 1.1 years old, but he still doesn’t say anything, he doesn’t even coo, sometimes he walks on tiptoe, he doesn’t know how to point his finger, sometimes it happens that something happens not according to him - he starts gets angry and freaks out. He doesn’t really like to communicate with other people and children, but he shows interest. Is there any reason for any suspicion that the child is abnormal?

Anonymous question 12-07-2016

hyperexcitability, drooling in a 2 year old child

Hello. My child is now 2 years old. Difficult labor, apgar 7/7, birth neck injury, hypoxia, pseudocysts. For up to a year, we followed all the recommendations of the neurologist, the ultrasound showed positive dynamics, the cysts resolved, we drank Encephabol, injected Cortexin, drank Pantogam. Until a year old, my sleep was a little disturbed, but not much, I woke up several times a night, but quickly fell asleep with a bottle, sometimes drank a lot. At 7 months everything was fine at an appointment with a neurologist, they didn’t prescribe anything. He began to hold his head confidently by 4, crawled at 6, stood up in the crib at 6.5, sat up at 7, and the child walked on his own early at 9.5 months. That is, all skills are practically on time. Of course, I noted that the child was more capricious compared to other children, often did not sit in a stroller, and had to be carried in his arms. But still, an approach could always be found. We came to see a neurologist only when he was 2 years old; the child began to worry about the child’s excessive emotionality, hysterics, and excessive salivation, his T-shirts were constantly wet. In addition, the neurologist noticed that he walks on tiptoes when excited. He understands everything well, says mom, dad, uncle. Aunt, baba, give, na, and mostly the first syllables of some words, sometimes combines: mom give. Our sleep has now returned to normal, we sleep well. We have been using the potty since we were 1.5 years old and sleep at night without diapers. Only he doesn’t poop on the potty, he doesn’t want to go anywhere. There are problems with appetite, but he loves porridge and cottage cheese, he eats it himself, with a spoon. Soup and meat - exclusively for cartoons. In general, a smart child, for his age he knows and can do everything. Gets along well with children, not aggressive. How can we avoid common ADHD with our activity? And what is the probability? They prescribed us magnesium B6 and Anvifen. We are accepting now. Say it's neurology or our temperament. It’s just that mom is absolutely the same emotional, scandalous, and dad. It turns out that the child is constantly under emotional stress. + The son observes the conflicts between the parents at home. How can we adapt to the garden? So that without hysterics, so that I can start eating normally. Help please, I'm all exhausted already. I'm afraid that an abnormal child will grow up. From your point of view, do we have a serious case or is everything fixable?

Three whole years have flown by! Bright, rich, unique! Your child has turned into a full-fledged personality with his own character, habits, temperament, he has his own characteristics of figure and behavior. He is a good conversationalist; he can tell you how his day went, where he was, what he saw. Children at the age of 3 begin to recognize themselves as separate individuals, with their own desires, interests and preferences. Over the years, the baby has grown noticeably, mastered new skills and abilities, and became dexterous, active and inquisitive. The vocabulary of 3 years is up to 1000 words, in his speech the baby successfully uses numbers, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs; in children's questions you can often hear “how?” and why?" Sometimes his numerous questions baffle you, and sometimes the number of them makes your head spin. Be patient, do not interrupt the child, his desire to learn new things in the world around him is natural, and your harshness can suppress his cognitive aspirations in the baby, and this can adversely affect the further development of the baby. The kid wants to be good, we expect approval and praise from the adult. Independence and independence are becoming more and more apparent. At this age, it is very important for a child to be appreciated and praised.

What's new

At three years old, a child should know and correctly name four primary colors and some shades of colors.

At this age, the baby can assemble sequentially (that is, from smallest to largest) caps, pyramids, molds, and matryoshka dolls from 4–6 components.

Able to select geometric shapes based on a model, and can also select appropriate shapes based on the handicap of a hole in a developmental manual (game).

Can name familiar geometric shapes. Collects a pyramid of 10 rings (by size, for example, descending, by color, by shape).

Distinguishes objects by size - small, medium, large. Can distinguish an object by its texture - soft, hard.

Drawing skills are improved, so the child can add the missing details to an adult’s drawing - for example, a leaf to a branch, a stem to a flower, smoke to a steam locomotive.

He tries to paint, draws ovals, circles, draws lines.

While drawing, a child can imitate an adult’s writing. During modeling, he can pinch off a piece of plasticine, roll it out in his palms, and connect the parts. Tries to sculpt simple shapes - sausage, ball, bagel and others.

At three years old, a child is able to master quite complex skills, such as riding a tricycle, riding a swing, or sledding. By the age of three, many children are no longer afraid to swim. The child is good at jumping over obstacles, walking on an inclined plane, long jumping from a standing position on two legs, and can jump from a small height. At this age, children can perform two actions at the same time (for example, stomp and clap, jump and raise their arms to the sides). The child throws, rolls and catches the ball with ease.

Three-year-old children enjoy playing and communicating with peers, exchanging toys, and keeping company.

He is also capable of long games with a toy that has attracted his attention, playing story games, looking at pictures and listening to fairy tales. Concentrates on tasks for longer periods of time.

Development of the nervous system in a child at three years of age

From three to six years of age, the final myelination of fibers occurs, the child’s brain is almost mature, and vital skills have been formed. By the age of six, the mental development of a child reaches such a degree that in the absence of adults, this small man can fully provide for its livelihood.

From 3 to 6 years in a child’s life is the preschool period. Preschool age occupies a place between early and junior school age(from 3 to 6–7 years) and is extremely important for the development of the child’s psyche and personality. The leading activity of this age is play, so it is no coincidence that it is also called the “age of play.” Inside preschool age There are 3 periods:

• Junior preschool age 3–4 years.


• Average 4–5 years.


• Senior 5–6/7 years old.

In early preschool age, a child, when playing, reproduces actions with objects that are familiar to him. But these actions do not lead to the development of the game’s plot; however, the child does not have such a goal.

On average, the main content of the game is relationships between people. Children play so-called role-playing games. Here actions are no longer performed for the sake of actions, they are a means of realizing the role and contribute to the development of the plot. The introduction of a plot and a play role significantly increases the child’s capabilities in many areas of mental life.

In older preschool age, role-playing play is gradually replaced by play with rules. The main content of the game is the fulfillment of the rules arising from the role taken on. Game actions are reduced, generalized and become conditional.

From a scientific point of view, games are of great importance for mental development child. At this age, the mental development of a preschooler is almost ready for the beginning of a systematic educational process in educational institutions.

Children are offered games that:

• Develop fine motor skills of fingers.


• Increase the associative series.


• Help to decide logic problems low complexity.


• Develop attention.

In the game, the child learns to communicate with peers, learns to control his behavior, obeying the rules of the game. What is relatively easy for a child to do in play is much worse when given the appropriate demands from adults. In play, the child shows miracles of patience, perseverance, and discipline. Creative imagination, intelligence, strong-willed qualities, and moral attitudes develop. It is in play that a child realizes his desire for independence, modeling the life of adults. He discovers this world of human relationships, different types activities, social functions of people.

In addition to play, other forms of activity are typical for preschool age: designing, drawing, modeling, listening to fairy tales and stories, etc. The child gradually masters the coordination of small hand movements. This allows him to improve his artistic activities. Most children of this age draw with great enthusiasm. Visual activities A child of this age period is different in that the result is completely unimportant for him. The process of creating a drawing comes to the fore. Therefore, once the drawing is completed, children often throw it away. And only towards the end of preschool age does the child begin to pay attention to the drawing itself, that is, to evaluate the result of his work. WITH psychological point From a visual perspective, drawing is considered as a kind of children's speech and as a preparatory stage of written speech. In the drawing, the child expresses his attitude to reality; in it one can immediately see what is most important for the child and what is secondary.

Be sure to read fairy tales and poems to your child, and then ask him to retell them.

Do not be lazy to devote the maximum amount of time to the neuropsychic development of the child. Do not shift responsibility to the nanny, kindergarten, school. Even if something goes wrong, children are like plasticine: early age many things can be corrected.

Crisis of three years

The crises that your child will overcome (and has already overcome) are actually not so few: this is the newborn crisis, the crisis of one year, three years, seven years, the well-known crisis adolescence. It should be noted that the names of crises (except, probably, newborns) are very arbitrary, and the time of their occurrence depends on the specific child and his living conditions.

By the age of three, parents often find that the baby is not so easy to cope with. He suddenly stops obeying, and what he recently took for granted now causes him a storm of protest. Why is this happening? And how to call the baby to order and calm?

Three years is the age when a child so wants to feel like an adult and independent; at this age, children already have their own “want” and are ready to defend it in front of adults. This is a time of discovery and discovery, the age of awakening imagination and awareness of oneself as an individual. Pronounced feature of this period- crisis of three years. In children it can manifest itself in different ways, but the main “symptoms” are extreme stubbornness, negativism and self-will.

All this is explained by the fact that at the age of 3–5 years the child is trying to take his place among people. He tries to realize his individuality and his differences from other children. He feels like an individual and does everything so that adults perceive him as an equal. It is at this time that the little person tries to find activities that he likes. He wants to be like adults in everything, and the fact that they always help him in everything leads him to negativity. By changing behavior, character and strong-willed qualities are formed. There is pride in one’s successes, a desire to help, independence, and a sense of duty. And the point is not even how this period proceeds, but what changes it will entail in the child’s character. But how long the process will last and how painful it is for the child depends directly on the parents and their methods of education. Punishments and prohibitions for no reason, restriction of independence, suppression of initiative can be the reason for the acute course of this period.

Good to know

The 3-year-old crisis in children is a serious test for parents, but at this time it is even harder for the child. He does not understand what is happening to him and is unable to control his behavior. And he needs your support.

Signs of crisis 3 years

1. Negativism. In a general sense, negativism means the desire to contradict, to do the opposite of what one is told. A child may be very hungry, or really want to listen to a fairy tale, but he will refuse only because you or some other adult offers it to him. Negativism must be distinguished from ordinary disobedience. After all, the child does not obey you not because he wants to, but because at the moment he cannot do otherwise. By refusing your offer or request, he is “protecting” his “I”.


2. Stubbornness. Having expressed his own point of view or asked for something, the little stubborn three-year-old will stick to his line with all his might. Is this how he wants the “order” to be fulfilled? May be. But, most likely, he doesn’t really want to anymore, or has long since stopped wanting to. But how will the baby understand that his point of view is taken into account, that his opinion is listened to, if you act in your own way?


3. Obstinacy. Obstinacy, in contrast to negativism, is a general protest against the usual way of life and the norms of upbringing. The child is dissatisfied with everything that is offered to him.


4. Self-will. The little headstrong three-year-old accepts only what he has decided and conceived himself. This is a peculiar tendency towards independence, but exaggerated and inadequate to the child’s capabilities. It is not difficult to guess that such behavior causes conflicts and quarrels with others.


5. Depreciation. Everything that was previously interesting, familiar, and expensive is devalued. During this period, favorite toys become bad, an affectionate grandmother becomes nasty, parents become evil. The child may begin to swear, call names (old norms of behavior are devalued), break a favorite toy or tear a book (attachments to previously dear objects are devalued), etc.


6. Protest-riot. This state can best be characterized by the words of the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky: “The child is at war with those around him, in constant conflict with them.”


7. Despotism. Until recently, an affectionate child at the age of three often turns into a real family despot. He dictates norms and rules of behavior to everyone around him: what to feed him, what to dress him in, who can leave the room and who is not allowed, what to do for some family members and what for the rest. If there are more children in the family, despotism begins to take on the features of heightened jealousy. After all, from the point of view of a three-year-old toddler, his brothers or sisters have no rights at all in the family.

A child’s 3-year-old crisis is not at all a manifestation of harmfulness or negative heredity, but a natural need to test oneself, to consolidate a sense of willpower and self-worth. This is a life stage, without which the development of a child’s personality is impossible. The crisis of three years is one of the most famous and studied crises in the development of a little man. And this is good: you can find a lot of information, learn different points of view, and carefully prepare for such a period in your baby’s life.

Good to know

The crisis of three years in children simply needs to be waited out like a storm, experienced like an earthquake and endured like a disease. Therefore, your motto for this year is: patience, patience, patience!

Calm, just calm

The main manifestations of the crisis that worry parents usually consist of so-called “affective outbursts” - hysterics, tears, whims. The recommendations for behavior in such situations will be the same: do not do anything or decide until the baby has completely calmed down. However, there are many babies who are capable of “beating in hysterics” for a long time, and few mothers’ hearts can withstand this picture. Therefore, it may be useful to “pity” the child: hug, sit on your lap, pat him on the head. This method usually works flawlessly, but it should not be abused. After all, the child gets used to the fact that his tears and whims are followed by “positive reinforcement.” And once he gets used to it, he will use this opportunity to receive an additional “portion” of affection and attention. It is best to stop a beginning hysteria by simply switching attention. At the age of three, babies are very receptive to everything new, and new toy, a cartoon or an offer to do something interesting can stop the conflict and save your nerves.

Trial and error method

Give your baby the opportunity to make mistakes now, before your eyes. This will help him avoid many serious problems in the future. But for this you yourself must see in your baby, yesterday’s baby, independent person who has the right to go his own way and be understood. It was found that if parents limit the manifestations of a child’s independence, punish or ridicule his attempts at independence, then the development of the little man is disrupted: and instead of will and independence, a heightened sense of shame and uncertainty is formed. Of course, the path of freedom is not the path of connivance. Determine for yourself the boundaries beyond which the child has no right. For example, you can’t play on the roadway, you can’t skip naps, you can’t walk in the forest without a hat, etc. You must adhere to these boundaries under any circumstances. In other situations, give your child the freedom to act according to his own understanding.

freedom of choice

The right to make our own decisions is one of the main signs of how free we feel in a given situation. A three-year-old child has the same perception of reality. This will allow the child to develop the qualities he needs in life, and you will be able to cope with some of the negative manifestations of the three-year-old crisis. Does your child say “no”, “I won’t”, “I don’t want” to everything? Then don't force him! Offer him two options to choose from: draw with felt-tip pens or pencils, walk in the yard or in the park, eat from a blue or green plate. You will save your nerves, and the child will have pleasure and confidence that his opinion is taken into account. Is your child stubborn and you can’t convince him otherwise? Try to “stage” such situations in “safe” conditions. For example, when you are not in a hurry and can choose from several options. After all, if a child manages to defend his point of view, he gains confidence in his abilities and the importance of his own opinion. Stubbornness is the beginning of the development of will, the achievement of a goal. And it is in your power to direct him in this direction, and not make him a source of “donkey” character traits for the rest of his life. It is also worth mentioning the “do the opposite” technique known to some parents. Tired of the endless “no”, “I don’t want” and “I won’t”, the mother begins to energetically convince her baby of the opposite of what she is trying to achieve. For example, “Don’t go to bed under any circumstances,” “You shouldn’t sleep,” “Don’t eat this soup.” With a small, stubborn three-year-old, this method often works. However, is it worth using it? Even from the outside it looks very unethical: the child is the same person as you, however, using your position, experience, knowledge, you deceive and manipulate him. In addition to the issue of ethics, another point can be remembered here: the crisis serves the development of the individual, the formation of character. Will a child who is constantly “deceived” in this way learn anything new? Will he develop the necessary qualities? One can only doubt this.

A game

Increased independence is one of the features of the three-year crisis. Parents can really help their child overcome a crisis faster, making it less painful both for the child himself and for everyone around him. This can be done in the game. It was her great psychologist and expert child development Erik Erikson compared it to a “safe island” where the baby can “develop and test his independence and independence.” The world is explored through games. Don't forget this. With the help of a game, you can not only teach him etiquette or rules of behavior, but also force him to do something he doesn’t want. For example, if he refuses to eat, then offer to feed toys that will only eat with him. Use it.

The age crisis is a turning point in a child’s life. He will need your love, care and tenderness more than ever. Therefore, do not be stingy, let him feel that he is loved by you.

Physical development of a child at 3 years old

Can stand on tiptoes (toes) for several seconds. Walks on tiptoes for at least 3 meters. Must be able to stand on one leg for at least 3-4 seconds.

Jumps over the line on the floor. By the age of three, and often earlier, he climbs stairs on his own, alternating legs: placing one leg on each step when going up. He goes down more carefully, placing two feet on each step. Can jump off the last step while keeping both legs together.

Throws and catches the ball. At 3.5 years old, all children must catch a ball thrown from a distance of 2 meters.

He rides a tricycle, pedaling. If your child doesn't have a bicycle, you can test your coordination with a test.

Test
If shown and explained well, the baby can perform two different actions at the same time - stomping his feet and clapping his hands.

Child skills at 3 years old

He dresses and puts on his shoes himself. Fastens buttons, except for inconvenient ones, for example on the back. Some children can be taught to tie their shoelaces. Undresses on his own. Knows how to fold his clothes before going to bed.

Notices the disarray in his clothes. Knows how to use a handkerchief and napkin as needed without being reminded. Knows how to wipe his feet when entering an apartment. Wash hands independently with soap and dry them with a towel. Some children brush their teeth themselves, but most still need help squeezing the toothpaste onto the brush. Inserts the key into the door lock (from two years old), turns the key in the door lock. He is active in the daily life of the family: he likes to help adults with cleaning the house, shopping, and working in the garden. You can trust your child to carry the dishes and set the table.

Regulates his physiological needs - goes to the toilet on time. Does everything independently (undressing, sitting down, dressing), except for using toilet paper.

Eats independently with a spoon and fork. He holds them by the end of the handle.

Child's play at 3 years old

Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a pattern or pattern (in descending order of size, by size and color, by shape and size). Builds a tower of eight to nine cubes.

Matches flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, oval, square). Some of them are called: circle, triangle, square, etc.

Upon demonstration, at the request of an adult, or in independent play, he assembles sequentially (puts smaller ones into larger ones) nesting dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four to five components (that is, he can put 3-4 nesting dolls into each other). When nesting figures you should no longer use brute force. He understands well how to insert an object, which part or side to bring it to another object. But you may also need help closing the nesting doll and matching the patterns on its two halves.

Upon presentation of three items various sizes finds and can name large, small and medium. Identifies an object by its texture (soft, hard).

From cubes, construction sets, or auxiliary materials, he begins to make more complex plot buildings and names them: house, fence, car, bridge, etc. He builds not only independently or according to the verbal instructions of an adult, he can build according to a model or drawing, or copies a model. Uses these buildings for a board game with story toys (car, teddy bear, doll).

At this age, you can already start buying your child the simplest Board games.

Strives to play with other children. Participation in collective role-play becomes important for the child. When assigned roles by elders, he readily plays the role assigned to him: “You will be a bunny.” Willingly carries out instructions in the game. Follows the rules in outdoor games. When playing with children, demonstrates an understanding of turns. There is a tendency to have friends. Treats children kindly: does not snatch toys, does not take them without asking, and shares his toys. For the further development of the child, it is useful to organize communication with other children and visit kindergarten. As stated earlier, girls adjust better to kindergarten. For boys, the start of kindergarten can be delayed until 3.5 years.

Self-directed role-playing is being improved. For example, when playing with a doll or a teddy bear, a child can say “I am a mother”, “I am a doctor”, that is, he takes on a certain role. Dresses and undresses dolls. Shows imagination in games (chair - car, cube - soap). Due to imagination, he can carry out play actions without objects. Fantasizes in the game, introducing fairy-tale characters into it. In the game he calls himself some kind of character. Answers an adult’s question: “Who are you?” He talks a lot during the game, commenting on his actions or what he imagines in the game. Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and for the doll.

Draws
Holds a pencil correctly with the fingers of the dominant hand, copies from a sample, draws horizontal and vertical lines, closed shapes (circle, sun, apple). As shown, he can draw a cross, but not every child can copy it. Copying differs from drawing by demonstration in that when copying, the child does not see how you yourself draw. The child copies from a drawing you have already drawn. Therefore, copying is a more difficult task than drawing from your show.

After your demonstration, he begins to draw a man in two parts, with a pair of limbs, for example two hands, counted as one part. He usually draws either the torso and head, or the torso and legs, most often a “cephalopod” - a man without a torso.

He begins to draw according to his own ideas. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.). He begins to paint over the drawings. Shows interest in drawing and modeling. Rolls out lumps of clay and plasticine in the palms of your hands and connects the parts. Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel). Names them in response to the question: “What is this?” He is happy with his actions when they work out. Gets upset when you can't do something.

Mental development of a child at 3 years old

Shows a sense of pride in himself (“I’m the best runner”), in his parents (“Dad is the strongest,” “Mom is the most beautiful”). He begins to understand humor - he laughs, he is perplexed. Emotionally reacts differently to the beautiful and ugly: notices, distinguishes, evaluates.

Emotionally assesses the situation: empathizes (if someone is in pain), helps (if someone needs help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is sleeping, tired). Notices the sadness, dissatisfaction, and joy of adults or children. Emotionally empathizes with characters when listening to fairy tales, when watching children's plays, cartoons (he is happy, sad, angry, winces in “pain,” etc.).

Feels sad and ashamed. He understands that he did something badly (he didn’t have time to go to the toilet, spilled water), and expects a negative assessment from an adult. He worries if they scold him. He may be offended for a long time by punishment. He understands if someone else is doing something bad. Gives an emotionally negative assessment: “You cannot offend (break, tear, take away, fight).”

Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, disingenuous, mischievous.

Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when addressed by a stranger. Wary of unfamiliar animals, individual people, and new situations. Fears and fear of the dark may arise.

A sense of caution and an understanding of danger are formed. Begins to navigate the concepts: dangerous - safe, harmful - useful. However, even at this age it is necessary to continue to explain to the child possible dangers, as described in the previous stage “2 years 6 months”. Follows verbal instructions in four to five steps. Becomes more accommodating, begins to understand the difference between the past and the future and realizes the opportunity to postpone the immediate fulfillment of his desires for the future. He makes attempts to restore order around himself. With proper upbringing, he shows emotional restraint: he does not shout in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run along the sidewalk, calmly listens to an adult’s request and fulfills it, stops crying when there is a justified prohibition.

At the same time, he can be disobedient and emotionally tense when his movements are limited, or when adults do not understand his requests and desires. Can be persistent in its demands. He often repeats: “I myself.” Compared to the “2 years 6 months” stage, all children should clearly understand the quantitative relationship (one and many). A test can be administered to test this understanding.

Test
Place one item on the table (preferably candy), and on the other side - several candies; then ask the child to show: “Where is one candy, and where is there a lot?” In the future, the idea of ​​numbers expands. The child points and says: “One, two, three, many, few.”

Begins to distinguish between the right and left sides, although he may still make mistakes. The leading hand (right-handedness or left-handedness) is determined in the interval of 20 months - 4 years. In the second half of life, there may be transient left-handedness in right-handed children.

Understands the difference between one's own and someone else's, learns to share with others. He understands that his things must be returned, but other people's toys (for example, in kindergarten) do not belong to him, they must be returned. Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, stomach, arms, legs, fingers). Knows the purpose of body parts: “eyes look”, “ears listen”, “legs walk”.

Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: “everyone has eyes, legs - a person, paws - an animal, hands - a person, wings - a bird.”

During this age period, the child should be able to navigate four colors quite well. Begins to distinguish between black and white colors, selects them according to a model or at the request of an adult: “Give me a red cube, give me a black cube.” To the question “What color is the cube?” correctly names 2–3 (sometimes more) colors.

He listens to fairy tales with great interest, has his favorite ones and demands to repeat them again and again. Likes to watch TV.

Active speech of a child at 3 years old

At three years, natural diversity (variability) in speech development of different children is reduced, and all children without any developmental disabilities must meet the requirements below.

Names some animals, as well as their babies, household items, clothes, dishes, equipment, plants, etc. from a picture.

All children at this age should say “I” about themselves: “I went,” “I myself.” Uses pronouns “you”, “we”, “mine”.

The child must be able to speak in simple, grammatical phrases. Phrases usually consist of three or four words. He begins to combine two phrases into a complex sentence (the main and subordinate parts of the sentence): “When dad comes home from work, we will go for a walk.” Words in phrases can be changed according to numbers and cases. The child's speech must be understandable to outsiders. He often accompanies his actions with speech. Enters into verbal dialogues with children and adults. Briefly tells adults what he is doing now or has done recently, that is, he conducts a conversation consisting of several sentences. Answers questions from an adult based on the plot picture. Tells a familiar fairy tale coherently based on the picture.

Attention!

If at 3 years old a child communicates only with the help of babbling words and fragments of babbling sentences: “gaki” (eyes), “noti” (legs), “oko” (window), “dev” (door), “uti” (hands) ; “Yes, Tina” (give me the car), then an urgent consultation with a neurologist and sessions with a speech therapist are necessary (even if the child successfully passed a preventive examination by an “official” speech therapist).

During this period, the child can learn and repeat short poems (couplets and quatrains), short songs and excerpts from fairy tales. Word creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Shows special interest in conversations between adults.

Quickly answers the question: “What is your name?” He says not only his first name, but also his last name. Calls friends by name.

Answers the question: “How old are you?” At first he just points with his fingers, and a little later he begins to tell his age. Knows her gender identity. Correctly answers the question: “Are you a boy or a girl?” He begins to distinguish the gender of those around him.

Asks not only simple questions: “What is this?”, “Who?”, “Where?”, “Where?” Increasingly, cognitive questions appear: “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” and others. The question “why?” arises. marks a new stage in the child’s mental development. The age of why is coming. Before that, he was simply getting acquainted with the world, but now he seeks to understand this world. The earlier the child asked the question “why?”, the more complete his mental development, the later, the more obvious the delay. If a three-year-old child does not yet ask this question, then parents should ask it themselves and answer it themselves, thereby stimulating the child’s cognitive interest.

Child mode at 3 years old

A child's sleep at 3 years old is practically no different from what it was a year earlier. It is advisable to devote at least 10 hours to sleep at night and put a three-year-old child to sleep during the day once for an hour or two. Due to increased physical activity and strong impressionability, it is not easy to put children at this age to bed during the day, but it is better to insist on your own - a systematic lack of sleep will not be beneficial to the child’s body.

It is useful to take a bath before going to bed at night. Don’t forget about hygiene: by the age of 3, a child should already be able to wash himself, brush his teeth, and go to the toilet.

His clothes should be clean and ironed. If a child gets dirty, he must be changed immediately. He should know that he should not wear dirty clothes, so he will get used to being neat. For children, it is advisable to purchase clothes only from natural fabrics. Especially the one that comes into contact with the body so that it does not cause chafing and irritation. At home, the child should be dressed in soft, comfortable clothes from flannel or knitwear.

At three years old, the child tries to brush his teeth on his own, under the supervision of adults. Let him do this, while periodically showing him how to move the brush correctly. Special attention You should pay attention to the recesses between the teeth, since this is where most food particles remain and plaque accumulates. A child's teeth should be brushed 2 times a day: in the morning - after breakfast and in the evening - after dinner. During and after each meal (especially sweets), teach your child to rinse his mouth.

Teach your child to use only his own hygiene items (towel, washcloth, toothbrush, comb, etc.). To prevent diseases, it is better to hang a separate towel for the child. Show him where it hangs and change it regularly for a clean one.

3 years is the time when most children go to kindergarten. All children are individual, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether a 3-year-old child can be sent to kindergarten or not based on the accompanying circumstances. If you have no other choice, of course, the child will go to kindergarten. If you decide to take your child to kindergarten, at least for some time before going to groups with him early development- so that parting with you is not so abrupt. It is necessary to accustom the child to a group of peers in advance. Then kindergarten will be a joy for him: new impressions, new faces, games with peers.

Good to know

Following a daily routine will help ease the child's adaptation to kindergarten. Find out in advance what the daily routine is in the kindergarten (where the child will go) and try to stick to it.

How to feed a child at 3 years old

At three years old, the child becomes more and more active. The child's nutrition should be correct, balanced, varied. Many parents mistakenly believe that from the age of 3, it is time for a child to eat all the dishes from the adult table. But digestion at this age is not yet sufficiently developed and it is necessary to continue to be attentive to nutrition. It is not worth transferring the child completely to the adult table. It is much easier to do the wiser thing - switch the whole family to a healthy diet, thereby establishing a common menu for children and adults.

There is definitely no need to use a blender anymore when preparing children's meals. Food should be in pieces, forcing the chewing muscles to work and strengthen. But the food should not be hard; the child will not be able to chew it well or will completely refuse such food.

Feeding children 3 years old also means independence. Previously baby he preferred to open his mouth when he saw the spoon being offered, or to spread the puree on the surfaces surrounding him. As he gets older, he happily demonstrates his ability to use a spoon independently, loves to eat at the same table with adults, and imitates the process of eating by playing with other children or his favorite toys.

The daily routine of a 3-year-old child should contain at least 4–5 meals with an interval of three to four hours:

• Breakfast.


• Second breakfast may look like a snack.



• Afternoon snack


• Dinner.

Food is digested in the child’s stomach on average within 3.5–4 hours, so the intervals between meals should be approximately equal to this time. For children 3–4 years old, the most physiological regime is with four meals a day: at 8 a.m. - breakfast, at 12 - lunch, at 15.30 - afternoon snack, at 19.00 - dinner. The total amount of food for the whole day is on average: for children aged 3 years - 1500–1600 g, for children aged 4 years - 1700–1750 g. The total amount of calories should be approximately 1540 kcal.

Good to know

It is important to observe moderation - do not overfeed the child. Long gone are those hungry times when being well-fed meant healthy. A child cannot and should not eat an adult portion. Have pity on the child - the habit of overeating in the future can cause many problems, both medical and psychological.

What should be in the diet of a three year old child?

Meat products - 70 grams per day. Use daily. It can be rabbit, veal, lean pork, liver, as well as meat products premium: children's milk sausages, sausages, doctor's boiled sausage. Smoked meat products are contraindicated for toddlers.

From fish and fish dishes (for example, fish cutlets) in the amount of 60–70 grams per day. Use twice a week. Mandatory condition: the fish must be carefully separated from the bones.

From milk and dairy products that the baby needs every day. This valuable product contains calcium and easily digestible protein, which are very important for the growth and development of a child. You can surprise your baby with new dishes: lazy dumplings, cheese curds, cottage cheese casserole, etc.

Porridge - which it is advisable to serve your baby for breakfast every day. Why in the morning? Yes, because the cereals from which porridges are prepared consist of healthy digestive fibers that improve the functioning of the digestive system, contain vitamins and a number of microelements that give the baby a boost of energy for the whole day. It is useful for a three-year-old child to eat oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, wheat and barley porridge, cooked in water or milk.

Boiled eggs. It is contraindicated to give raw eggs to your baby.

Vegetables - which the baby needs to consume in the amount of three hundred grams daily. It should be potatoes, beets, carrots, onions, boiled or stewed. You can make a vinaigrette from vegetables.

Flour products - bread, pasta, pancakes, pancakes, biscuits and oatmeal cookies, which the baby needs in the amount of one hundred grams per day.

Fruits - apples, pears, dried fruits, bananas.

Drinking - natural juices, cocoa, compotes, fruit drinks, tea. Let your baby drink as he asks, especially during the hot season. Soda is not recommended; juices are still better and healthier to dilute with water.

Usually, it is at the age of three or four years that a child’s first acquaintance with sweets occurs - unless, of course, the parents are their fundamental opponents. There's no big harm in giving your baby candy sometimes (although honey is still healthier), but you shouldn't do it between feedings. You can also enjoy marmalade or marshmallows. Chocolate can be given in limited quantities if there is no allergy to it.

Good to know

Children should not be given sweets at night, as the acid that forms in the mouth after sweets contributes to dental caries.

Instead of sweets, you can offer your child dried fruits. They are great for children, rich in minerals such as potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium, but also have some healing properties. Dried apricots are good for of cardio-vascular system, and helps with constipation, and dried pear is recommended for indigestion and a tendency to diarrhea.

Good to know

When buying dried fruits, don’t go for the pretty ones. appearance- to improve presentation, sellers often treat dried fruits with sulfur dioxide or chemical dyes.

Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive protein:

• Meat - 100–140 g.


• Fish - 50–100 g.


• Egg - 1/2–1 pc.


• Milk (including consumption for cooking) and kefir - 600 ml.


• Cottage cheese - 50 g, Hard cheese and sour cream - 10–15 g each.

Carbohydrates play an equally important role in the body - they are the main source of energy. To replenish the body in carbohydrates, you need to eat vegetables, fruits, and cereals. If the intake of carbohydrates is insufficient, the body can use proteins for energy needs, which will lead to protein deficiency. In turn, excess carbohydrates can lead to obesity, flatulence, hypovitaminosis, and water retention in the body. Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive carbohydrates:

• Cereals, legumes, pasta - 60 g, Flour - 30 g.


• Vegetables - 300 g (do not forget to give children turnips, radishes, garlic, green salad), Potatoes - 150–200 g.


• Fruits and berries - 200 g.


• Dried fruits - 15 g.


• Bread - 80–100 g.


• Sugar (taking into account it in the composition of confectionery products) - 60–70 g.


• Tea (infusion) - 0.2 g.

The third important component is fats. Their role for the body cannot be overestimated - they are a source of energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and perform a protein-saving function. You should not consume more fat than normal, because it is high in calories and easily disrupts the functioning of the digestive system. Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive fats: Vegetable oil - up to 30 g, Butter - up to 10 g.

Good to know

The most harmful are fats formed during heating. vegetable oil. Therefore, what really needs to be limited in a child’s diet is fried food. large quantities oils food (chips, French fries, fast food), as well as margarine and all products prepared with its use - cookies, baked goods.

Micro-, macroelements and vitamins have no nutritional value for the body, but are essential for the structure of bones and teeth, immune system, for skin and eye health, for metabolic processes, osmotic pressure, acid-base status. Therefore, you need to drink mineral water, eat a varied diet, eat vegetables and fruits every day, and be sure to add dill, parsley, onions and celery to your salads.

Recipes:

Ingredients per 500 g (three small portions):

• 120 g noodles or pasta or vermicelli.


• 180 g cottage cheese 9% (1 pack).


• 1 egg.


• 2 tablespoons sugar.


• 10 g sour cream.


• 1 tbsp. breadcrumbs.


• Butter for greasing the mold.


• Sour cream for serving.

Boil a liter of water in a small saucepan and add a little salt. Cook the noodles in boiling water until cooked according to the instructions on the package (usually cook the noodles for 8-10 minutes). Drain the water and transfer the noodles to a large cup.

Add cottage cheese and sugar to the hot noodles, stir them with a spoon until there are no large pieces of cottage cheese left.

Add the egg and mix everything again.

Grease the pan with butter and sprinkle breadcrumbs on the bottom and sides of the pan, shaking off any excess breadcrumbs. Place the noodles with cottage cheese in the mold and smooth it out. Brush the top of the casserole with sour cream and sprinkle with a little breadcrumbs.

Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Place the casserole in the oven and bake for about 30-35 minutes until the casserole is lightly browned. Remove the casserole and let it sit for 15 minutes, then cut into pieces and serve with sour cream.

How to develop a child at 3 years old

Any activities with a 3-year-old child should be conducted in a playful manner, without the use of coercion in any form. The baby must show interest in the educational game and enjoy it, otherwise he will lose interest in it and stop playing it altogether. Spend no more than 15 minutes on any active activity. Do not demand that a child of 3 years old complete the task “no matter what” - this can lead to overwork. Encourage your child's achievements - give him cards or homemade medals. At the end of the lesson cycle, you can make a certificate, sign it and reward the child with it.

Use different teaching aids- folding books, lotto or dominoes with pictures, books with expressive illustrations, books with windows, board games with pictures, wall calendars and posters with useful information(animals, plants, numbers, seasons). Sets for sand applique, paper applique. You can offer your child children's scissors - at three years old, children begin to cut out simple shapes; for safety reasons, let games with scissors take place under your supervision.

Sets for creativity - pencils, crayons, plasticine, clay, games with lacing, sets of colored paper, stickers, watercolors. An easel is great for painting. It is very convenient to use paper in rolls; it can be rolled out on the floor and create more space for creativity.

What toys to choose for a 3 year old child

At this age, children prefer more complex and functional toys. Toys for motor development - balls, gymnastic sticks, pull-up toys, bicycles, swimming circles, skittles and others.

To develop design abilities - toys consisting of geometric shapes, opening and closing toys, cubes, pyramids, Legos with large parts, sand molds and others.

Toys for role-playing and story games- sets of doctor, fireman, hairdresser, builder, teacher's shop, set of children's dishes, toy vegetables, fruits, cars, houses, dolls, animals and others.

Despite the fact that the child is already big, try to devote time to him. Play and practice with him. Praise him for his efforts more often and then his success will not be long in coming.

Get the projector...

Good to know

Modern cartoons on TV or DVD are certainly good. But it will be even better if you still have old filmstrips and a projector. Children love to watch such homemade cartoons on the wall or a white sheet. There is a certain amount of mystery and mystery in this process. Moreover, old Soviet cartoons are interesting and very kind. It is important for the child that mom or dad are nearby, who at this moment look like good wizards.

Outdoor games

An example of such a game:
Walk like geese or other animals.
Walk on all fours.
Work out on a wall bars or on a whole home sports complex - with rings, trapeze, crossbars, rope ladders, rope.
Play volleyball with an inflatable or balloon.
Play bowling.
walk with soft toy or a book on your head.

Do I need to go to the clinic at 3 years old?

At three years old, the child undergoes an in-depth medical examination - clinical examination, especially if he goes to kindergarten.

Medical checkup three years includes:

• Examination by a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, ENT doctor, orthopedic surgeon, dermatologist, speech therapist, dentist, possibly a gynecologist.


• Laboratory examination - clinical blood test, urine test, coproscopy, examination of scrapings for enterobiasis (or feces for helminth eggs).

If a child is vaccinated according to national calendar vaccinations, then at three years no scheduled vaccinations are carried out.

If a child does not fully step on the entire foot while walking, but moves on his toes, many parents begin to worry about this. Can tiptoeing be a symptom of some dangerous disease, up to what age is such movement considered normal, and what should parents do if the baby is already for a long time walks on tiptoes?

Causes

Up to 3 years

A baby who is just learning to walk often stands on his toes. And if the child is not yet three years old, there is no need to worry.

For a child of 1 year and 1.5 years, occasional tiptoeing is absolutely normal.

If a mother takes a 2-year-old baby by the hand and he starts walking on his toes, there is no reason to worry either. After all, until the baby is 3 years old, he is still learning to walk and improving this skill. Many children try to walk different ways until they learn to do it correctly. And one of these ways has the right to be walking on tiptoes.

Most often, a child walks on his toes due to uneven tension in the leg muscles, which is called muscular dystonia.

Other reasons for tiptoeing include:

• Frequent use of walkers. The baby learns to take the first steps on his toes and then it can be difficult for him to learn to place his feet differently.
• High activity. The baby is full of energy and runs straight on his toes.
• Thirst for knowledge and curiosity. The baby strives to grow faster and periodically stands on its toes.
• Imitating my mother who walks in heels. Also, the child can see ballerinas and try to walk like them.
• Cerebral palsy. If this is the reason for walking on toes, the child will also have other symptoms of this disease.
• Birth injury. It can affect the baby’s brain function, but, as a rule, this cause is identified and treated long before the first steps.
• Pyramidal insufficiency. This is the name for disturbances in the functioning of that part of the nervous system that is responsible for the movement of the body.
• Psychological problems. When something doesn’t go well in the baby’s family, the baby feels internal discomfort and begins to walk on tiptoes subconsciously, as if sneaking.

Older children

If a child continues to walk on his toes at age 4, 5, or older, the cause may be a neurological disease.

Additionally, children over three years of age may tiptoe for the following reasons:

• They are trying to attract attention to themselves.
• Copying someone.
• Trying to look taller.

It happens that a child rises on his toes when he reaches for something, does not want to step on something, or is cold. These reasons should not be a cause for concern.

What to do?

Parents who are worried about their baby constantly walking on his toes should contact a neurologist. The specialist will determine whether the baby has other symptoms indicating neurological pathologies, and, if necessary, will prescribe examinations. During your visit to the doctor, be prepared to answer the following questions:

1. How was the course of the pregnancy and were there any problems during childbirth?
2. Did the baby have oxygen deficiency during intrauterine development and the birth process?
3. Does the baby stand on his toes while walking constantly or occasionally? Under what circumstances does he begin to walk this way?
4. Besides tiptoe walking, are there any other symptoms that concern you?

If tiptoeing is associated with muscle dystonia, the child needs to be given the opportunity to move more - stand up, climb, crawl, walk on all fours, walk like a duck, on inclined and soft surfaces, barefoot.

Also, depending on the reason for walking on toes, the child may be advised to:

• Physiotherapy.
• Electrophoresis.
• Baths with herbal infusions (use chamomile, string, motherwort, lavender).
• Therapeutic gymnastics.
• Paraffin boots (the procedure has its own contraindications, so only a doctor should prescribe it).
• Swimming.
• Correct selection of orthopedic shoes (pay attention to the presence of a hard back and fixation of the instep with Velcro or lacing).

Do you need a massage and how to do it?

Most babies whose mothers complain about tiptoeing are recommended massage, which can be performed both in a medical facility and at home. During the massage, mom should:

1. “Draw” on the baby’s foot thumb"eights".
2. Stroke the baby's legs, starting from the toes to the hips.
3. Big and index fingers stretch your baby's calf muscles.
4. Move your feet away from you, and then towards yourself.
5. Roll your child on a fitball so that the baby walks on the ball.
6. Shake the baby's feet.
7. Massage each finger separately.
8. Tap the baby's foot with the back of your fingers.

Opinion of E. Komarovsky

A well-known pediatrician calls tiptoeing the norm for children under two or three years of age and claims that almost all children go through the walking stage in a similar way when they master the skill of walking, especially if the child often uses a walker. The popular doctor notes that close attention is paid to this symptom because of its connection with some dangerous neurological diseases. However, in situations where walking on toes is not accompanied by symptoms of a disorder of the nervous system, according to Komarovsky, nothing needs to be done.

For more information about this, see Dr. Komarovsky’s program.

First steps are one of the most important and significant events in the life of a baby and his parents. Children begin to master this important skill between 8 months and 1.5 years. The speed of learning and the characteristics of walking are purely individual for each child.

The most common concern for parents is that the baby can walk on his toes for a long time without supporting himself on his full foot.

Here it is necessary to pay attention to the nature of the occurrence of such a gait feature, and also take into account the age of the child. At an early age, such walking is a variant of normal physical development, but if other symptoms are present, it can also indicate serious health problems.

Walking reflex and muscle tone

Why do many children take their first steps on tiptoes? From the first days of life, a child has various reflexes, including walking reflex.

During the first three months of life, this reflex is highly developed, and the child unconsciously makes movements with his legs that imitate walking. Afterwards, this reflex fades away and appears again only when the time comes to take the first steps. If we talk about the physical development of the baby in the first months of life, it is worth noting the increased tone of some muscles of the arms and legs, which should completely disappear by 3 months.

Reasons for walking on toes in children aged 1 to 5 years

• Muscular dystonia or muscle hypertonicity. This phenomenon can be considered normal for up to 3 months. Muscle hypertonicity is characterized by significant resistance when bending the child’s arms and legs. It will not be possible to place the baby on his full foot, as he will cross his legs and try to stand on his toes.
• Birth injury, in which the lower limbs or spine were damaged. This diagnosis is made in the maternity hospital.
• Nervous system dysfunction or “pyramidal insufficiency”
• , which occurs against the background of abnormal fetal development during pregnancy. With this diagnosis, walking on toes will be a secondary symptom.
• Using a walker to teach a child the first steps. May promote toe walking by dulling the natural walking reflex. The situation in this case is corrected quite quickly by teaching the child to walk independently.
• Attracting attention to yourself and learning a new way of walking.
• Copying behavior in a certain situation (ballerina dance).
• The desire to become older and taller. Usually appears between the ages of 1.5 and 3 years.

It is necessary to understand in time the reason for pulling out the toe so that such walking does not become a habit. After all, it is considered correct when a child steps on a full foot while walking. Improper walking can negatively affect the child’s health in the future and lead to the following problems:

1. Problems with posture. In older age, it can affect the spine, contribute to the appearance of back pain, and impaired coordination of movement when running.
2. Changing the shape of the legs (the legs become curved).
3. Changes and deformation of the feet.
4. Joint diseases.

In addition to the physiological characteristics associated with tiptoeing, there are other reasons that require timely consultation with specialists. It should be noted that stretching the toe when walking in itself is not a symptom of any disease (except for foot pathology), but can be accompanied by a number of other symptoms, harbingers of various neurological abnormalities.

What else is worth paying attention to if a child who has reached the age of 2 still walks on tiptoes:

• The frequency with which the child walks on his toes. If after a year the tone in the calf muscle remains and the child stubbornly walks on tiptoes, you should definitely contact your pediatrician for advice.
• Under what circumstances does the baby stand on his tiptoes, which influences him?
• Are there any neurological abnormalities in the child’s behavior? Closedness, lethargy, impaired mental development. Increased nervous excitability.
• Were any fetal pathologies detected during pregnancy?
• Are there any abnormalities in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system?

So a child under 3 years old can periodically walk on his toes, which, in the absence of other symptoms, is not a pathology. At the age of 3-5 years, walking on toes, even for a short time, already signals some kind of disease related to neurology or the musculoskeletal system.

In some cases, when walking on toes is an age-related or behavioral phenomenon, you can help your child walk correctly by performing certain procedures and following the pediatrician’s recommendations:

1. Physiotherapy. Exercises can be performed at home with your baby, having first received recommendations from your child. pediatrician. And so that the child enjoys it, boring gymnastic exercises can be turned into a game.
2. Massage is beneficial in every way. With the help of certain movements (stroking, massaging the foot and toes, bending the foot in different directions) you can relieve tension, get rid of muscle tone, and simply improve blood circulation. The massage is performed over the entire surface of the leg with smooth and soft movements. To get the effect, you will need several massage sessions. Having received advice from a specialist in baby massage, you can perform it at home.
3. The right shoes. It should be comfortable, firmly fix the child’s leg, and have a hard back.

There are also special orthopedic shoes, which, if necessary, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon will help you choose.

Only the attending physician can make the correct diagnosis and select the correct treatment. In case of serious neurological disorders or other diseases, he will prescribe the necessary medication and physical therapy.

A child who has crossed the 3-year mark becomes an adult. A new preschool time is coming for him. Children's external and internal world has undergone significant changes. Now every mother understands her babies better, because they actively express their thinking and physical development in this age. The presence of ever new abilities in a child requires constant developmental activities with him. What games are best?

Most children at 3 years old already begin to attend preschool. It happens that parents take care of their children on their own and practice systematic developmental activities at home. And even if a child goes to kindergarten at 3 years old, educational activities will never be redundant.

Changes in behavior

The presence of children aged about 3 years in the house is always noticeable. And their parents see in them character traits that were absent in all previous years.

The child’s self-confidence increases significantly, he is able to defend his opinion and fight for his dream. In the heads of such children it is clearly formulated what they want. The 3-year-old boy has grown noticeably.

Together with the children, the activities conducted with them should “grow” from year to year. This is, rather, a developing process, learning, rather than ordinary games. Parents must learn to set some boundaries when teaching their children.

At 3 years old you can have interesting conversations with kids. The child loves to communicate; he wants to do this not only at home, but also with people around him from the outside. Parents' arguments become more significant for 3-year-old children; disputes no longer always end in hysterics and whims.

Basic principles

Several factors may influence children's activities as young as 3 years old. Here are some of them:

• Does the child go to preschool and how often does he interact with other children?
• Correspondence of children's knowledge to their age requirements.
• Organizing leisure time at home.
• How much time do parents spend with their children?

Classes with a child, regardless of his year of birth, are the best communication within the family. Don't underestimate their importance and usefulness!

Basic games

It is important that developmental activities be varied. After all, the child needs comprehensive development in any years of his life.

Required skills for children 3 years old:

• At 3 years old, babies can distinguish between primary colors and geometric shapes.
• They are able to count to three, distinguish between “few” and “many”.
• They know how to say their first and last name, as well as how old they are.
• Logic must be traced in thinking.
• Children 3 years old, as a rule, are already able to draw.

At the age of 3, the following functions need to be developed in young talents:

• Improving memory and attention.
• Development of creative and mathematical abilities.
• Development of speech skills.
• Strengthening fine motor skills hands
• Expanding your general horizons.

Speech development

The ability to speak is the main ability of every baby. It is very important that a 3-year-old son or daughter learn to form their own thoughts, explain what is happening around them, and show their emotions. It will take several more years to correct the correctness of speech.

Oral games are very good way for speech development at home. As a rule, at this time children are asked a wide variety of questions. You can also repeat your favorite fairy tales with them. Telephone conversation is another training option.

Memory and attention

A gaming style is best suited to develop these skills. For example, you can collect beads together according to a pre-prepared pattern (two green, blue, red). The child reproduces the instructions despite them. And at the end, the result of child labor is necessarily checked.

Drawing in cells, along dotted lines, etc. is an excellent way to develop attention. In addition, the baby learns to work correctly with writing objects. You can train your memory by memorizing pairs of different objects, and also repeat a number of gestures to music.

Logic training

The most important thing here is not to overload your kids with logical activities. At home it is very convenient to assemble puzzles or construction sets of varying levels of complexity. In addition, you can build logical series from the proposed pictures, choose the odd one out or the opposite, compare shadows and objects in the pictures, etc.

Creation

At this age, children can be trusted with paints, scissors and glue. And this opens up all the boundaries of the creative energy of three-year-olds. What further encourages a child to be creative is that he can do many activities himself. It is best to differentiate such games from each other. Here are the most popular ones:

• draw a certain plot;
• complete the image;
• plasticine creativity;
• DIY crafts;
• cooking for the little ones;
• applications.

Discovery of the surrounding world

Understanding the world around you is still important for your baby. New discoveries await him. And it’s important for moms and dads to be prepared to answer a million different “whys?” both at home and outside. Each parent should be directly involved in shaping the personality of their child. Walks in the fresh air and detailed stories about everything that comes along the way - what could be more useful?

A little about the scope and boundaries of educational games

Very important rule for parents: all activities and games should be interesting for their son or daughter! The child should not lose his enthusiasm during the entire process. However, with three-year-olds, activities should not turn completely into a game for younger children.

Several clever tricks have been developed especially for parents:

• Be sure to praise the baby for all his successes and encourage him in case of small failures.
• Props for classes should be bright and attractive.
• Children should not be overloaded with several tasks at once.
• Concentrate children's attention A separate plot for each game will help.
• It is best to study at the same time and for no more than half an hour.

When communicating with your child, it’s time to stop “lisping.” Before you is a grown-up child, and the dialogue should be conducted in adult language. In this case, he will be able to feel his importance within the family.