All mothers know that children need to develop fine motor skills of their hands. But not everyone knows how to do it correctly, and indeed what is fine motor skills and what features does it have? What activities, games and exercises should be done with children to develop motor skills? Let's consider all these questions in detail.

General concept and features fine motor skills children

Fine motor skills are the ability to perform small and precise movements with the hands and fingers and toes as a result of the coordinated actions of the most important systems: nervous, muscular and bone. With regard to the motor skills of the hands and fingers, the term dexterity is often used. The fine motor area includes a large number of a variety of movements, from simple gestures (such as grasping a toy) to very complex movements (such as writing and drawing).

The development of fine motor skills plays an important role in the overall development of the child. Fine motor skills develop from the newborn. First, the baby looks at his hands, then learns to control them. First, he takes objects with the whole palm, then only with two (thumb and forefinger) fingers. Then the child is taught to properly hold a spoon, pencil, brush.

Fine motor skills have a very important feature. It is associated with the nervous system, vision, attention, memory and perception of the child. Also, scientists have proven that the development of fine motor skills and the development of speech are very closely related. And this is explained very simply. In the brain, speech and motor centers are located very close to each other. Therefore, when the motor skills of the fingers are stimulated, the speech center begins to activate. That is why for the timely development of the child's speech, great attention must be paid to the development of fine motor skills. Fine motor skills directly affect manual dexterity, handwriting, which will be formed in the future, and the reaction speed of the child.

According to the peculiarities of the development of fine motor skills of the child, in the future they judge his readiness for training in a school institution. If everything is in order, then the child is prepared for learning to write, knows how to think and reason logically, has a good memory, concentration, attention and imagination, and coherent speech.

Fine motor skills develop gradually, this is an individual process and for each child it goes at its own pace. At first, the baby's movements are awkward, inept and inharmonious. To help the baby improve fine motor skills, you need to play educational games with him (the online magazine "Razvitie" has articles about educational games for children at 1 year old, as well as games for the development of children at 2 years old).

Activities, games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills

There are many activities, games and exercises to develop fine motor skills. They can be divided into the following groups: finger games, games with small objects, modeling and drawing, finger massage. Articles about the development of the child according to the Montessori system, as well as about the Montessori games, will also be interesting.

Consider the most simple and effective games:

1. Hand massage

This is the easiest and most versatile way for any age to develop fine motor skills. Run your finger along the child's palms, stroke them and massage. Accompany your actions with the saying “Magpie-Crow”.

2.Ladushki

Since childhood, everyone knows the nursery rhyme “Ladushki-okladushki”. This game will teach the little ones to straighten their fingers and clap their hands.

3. paper tearing

This exercise is suitable for children from 7 months. Give your baby a few sheets of soft colored paper. He will feel it with pleasure, begin to turn it in his hands and tear it. This occupation will give him untold pleasure.

4. Page turning

After a year, tearing the paper can be replaced by turning the pages of some picture book or magazine.

5. beads

Children like to touch small objects, which is very useful. Therefore, you can put on some beads with beads different size and forms. The child will touch them with his fingers with joy and interest.

6. bowl inserts

From them you can build towers, put them into each other. This game develops the child's concept of the size of objects.

7. cereals

Pour any cereal into a bowl and give it to the baby. He will touch the cereal with his hand or spill it through his fingers. This game develops fine motor skills and tactile sensations well.

8. Jars of cereals

Pour different cereals into jars and let the child dip his hand into each of the jars in turn. So he can feel different grains and take them with his fingers. You can complicate the task. In front of a child, bury some small object into the grits and give him a jar. Let him try to find this item.

9. Drawing in the sand

Pour sand onto the tray. Take the child's finger in your hand and run it across the sand. You can start with simple shapes - lines, a rectangle, a circle, gradually complicating the task.

Toys for the development of fine motor skills

10.Pea

You will need a pea and a jar with a removable lid. Show the child that you first need to remove the lid, then take the pea with your fingers and put it in a jar, then close the lid. Ask your child to do the same. Don't be discouraged if it doesn't work the first time. Show the baby the whole chain of actions slowly several times and then he will definitely be able to repeat everything. Active children quickly get bored with this game, in this case there is no need to force them. Offer the child a different game.

11.Screw caps

Such a simple activity as screwing and unscrewing the lids of cans, bottles, bubbles develops finger dexterity. Offer your baby vessels of different sizes and shapes, this will make the game more diverse.

12.Fastening, unfastening and lacing

This exercise does not require any additional toys. Gradually include the child in the process of dressing. Let him fasten and unbutton his own buttons and zippers. This will not only develop hand movements, but also teach the child to be independent. Also, give your child some unnecessary lace-up shoes that will be a great hand trainer.

13. modeling

Modeling is suitable for children of all ages. Plasticine, clay, dough are suitable for modeling. When you are going to bake something, be sure to bring your child with you. He will love to knead and roll out the dough. In addition, he will be proud that he helps his mother.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands

14. Drawing and coloring

It is very useful to trace the outline of pictures, consisting of dotted lines, as well as color objects of various shapes. It is very useful to draw on vertical surfaces: wall, blackboard, mirror. Therefore, it is advisable to hang a special board for the baby so that he draws.

15. Collecting mosaics and puzzles

For children under 3 years old, puzzles and mosaics with large parts are chosen. Puzzles also train the imagination.

16. Cutting out

Buy baby scissors, glue stick, colored paper and cardboard. Teach him to craft. Cut out pictures, paste them, make snowflakes, etc. This will not only develop fine motor skills, but also spatial imagination and creative thinking.

However, it is worth remembering one simple thing. Games for the development of fine motor skills should be carried out under the supervision of adults. Otherwise, the child may swallow some small detail or choke on her. You need to play games and perform exercises that develop fine motor skills systematically. Practice with your child every day and you will soon notice that your baby's movements become more and more smooth, clear and coordinated each time.

Any parent understands the importance of a child's development. Gymnastics, massages, special toys and cards serve this purpose physically and intellectually. No less important for the baby is the development of his fine motor skills. When should you start working with your child?

The benefits of developing activities

Fine motor skills of fingers are necessary for us in everyday life, for writing and working. But the functionality of these vital skills does not end there. Physiologists have long proven a close relationship between the ability of children to perform small actions with their hands and their speech.

The sooner and better baby develops his fine motor skills, the sooner and more clearly he will speak.

This close relationship comes from the adjacent location of the motor and speech centers in humans. When a child actively uses his fingers, nerve impulses are transmitted to the appropriate part of the brain and affect the nearby area responsible for the ability to speak.

Lessons that develop fine motor skills will be useful not only for the child's speech. In Eastern countries, it is believed that we have special areas on the pads of each finger, stimulating which we can influence absolutely all systems of our body.

Thus, the development of fine motor skills cannot but have a beneficial effect on the health and development of the baby. When to start training with a child? Experts believe that the development of the fingers of the crumbs should begin from the first days.

1. For your classes to bear fruit, they must take place daily. It is not necessary to devote a lot of time to training - just start with 2-3 minutes, while the child is in a good mood.
2. Be sure to praise the baby for the successes achieved, encourage him with hugs and kisses.
3. Keep an eye on the cleanliness and sterility of the "props" - the kids of the first year of life tend to put everything in their mouths.
4. Use objects of different sizes and textures for classes - this is how the baby will learn to control the handles and begin to explore the world and the properties of the objects that surround him.

Development in the first 3 months

The development of fine motor skills in children 1 year old can be devoted to classes from the very first days. The sooner you begin to interact with the baby and teach him to take objects in his hands, the sooner he will be able to move on to manipulating medium-sized objects.

In the first three months, finger massage will be useful for the development of the baby's arms.. You need to do it at any convenient moment - during air baths, during still brief periods of wakefulness, or when the baby falls asleep.

• Gently stroke each finger of the newborn from palm to tip;
• gently knead the child's fingers, Special attention giving them to the tips;
• it will be useful to tickle the palms and fingers of the baby in those moments when he opens his fists;
• gently unclench the baby's fists, stroke and bend the fingers again.

Such gymnastics will contribute to the speedy removal of muscle tone on the arms of the crumbs, improve the formation of his tactile experience and prepare the child for further success.

Development up to 5 months

1. At the fourth month of life, children begin to control their handles better. During this period, it is important to actively use the grasping reflex that has not yet died out and “put” the baby under the toy’s palms.
2. Now it is more convenient for the baby to grab a variety of rattles. Give them to him alternately in the hands - even brief episodes of holding objects in the cam will be incredibly beneficial for the development of the baby. Gradually, the duration of the capture will increase, and the baby himself will study the rattle with interest.
3. It is important to choose for classes with crumbs different toys- so that they differ in material, shape and grip option. Give the child objects from different directions so that his hands and fingers learn to turn.
4. Useful for the development of motor skills in infants at this stage will be home-made "rosary" - buttons strung on a short cord, large beads, wooden coils, which the baby will touch in his fingers, enriching his tactile experience and stimulating the fingertips.
5. Encourage the baby to reach out with handles - to your face, outstretched toys.
6. When you notice that the baby has begun to "wield" both handles and touches himself, you can put on a sock or mitten on one of them. The kid will actively try to look around, feel and remove a new object from himself.
7. Continue to do finger massage to accelerate the removal of muscle tone from the hands. You can play with the child in traditional games (for example, "Forty-white-sided") and unbend and bend the baby's fingers to rhythmic verses.

From 5 to 7 months

An infant is already actively interested in toys, explores them and holds them in their hands for a relatively long time. To continue the development of the crumbs at this stage, it is important to select only useful objects for the baby.

1. For the hands of babies during this period, toys with rings and beads that can be touched with fingers are useful. It is not at all necessary to spend money on expensive play centers or educational toys - you can make several sets of short beads for your baby with different strung objects.
2. At this age, children like to press all sorts of buttons. Useful in play area there will be keyboard children's musical instruments, an old keyboard and interactive toys.
3. Continue to develop the baby tactilely - sew several bags from pieces of fabric that are different to the touch, fill them with interesting contents - peas, beans, sand, buckwheat, pasta, semolina - sew up tightly and give it to the child.
4. You can sew additional bright buttons, ribbon bows on the bags - it will be interesting and useful for the baby to feel them and try to tear them off.
5. Toddlers at this age not only get great pleasure from finger games, but also quite demandingly ask to work with them, so at any convenient opportunity, repeat “Magpie-white-sided” and “Boy-finger” with the crumbs.
6. Surround the baby on the play mat with objects of different sizes - grabbing small and large cubes and balls, the baby will continue to actively develop the abilities of his hands.

7 to 9 months

The "grasping" activity of the child from the second half of the year increases significantly. He is interested in more and more new objects that he needs to touch, however, and they get bored with him pretty quickly. Continue to develop the baby, inviting him to feel completely different objects - not only purchased expensive toys are suitable for this, but absolutely any non-dangerous household items: new foam rubber kitchen sponges, lids, clean food trays, clothespins, etc.

When playing with small objects, never leave your child alone.

Already, the baby's arsenal is replenished with new toys, with which he gradually learns to interact. You can buy crumbs:

• a pyramid, which the baby will only disassemble for now;
• active development centers, where you need to press something, move it, sort it out;
• rubber tweeters that need to be squeezed in the palm of your hand;
• textile cubes;
• floating bath toys.

From 9 months to a year

During this period, the baby makes progress literally every day. Now he already has favorite activities and toys that can occupy him for a while. The fingers of the baby are already moving well enough to begin to master the necessary skills.

1. Offer your baby toys that require “calibration” when inserted into each other (sets of cups, mtareshki).
2. The baby will be delighted with all kinds of boxes and containers that need to be opened. It will be good if, after lifting the lid, a pleasant surprise awaits the baby inside.
3. Containers with wide screw caps will also be useful for the development of baby's motor skills.
4. Introduce the "grasping" technique into everyday games - roll the ball to the baby, ask him to give you some object, hide toys from him under the diaper and ask him to find the "lost". Such a variety of movements will be useful for the baby's hands.
5. Some children already have enough patience by the age of one to deal with large sorters - toys into which you need to insert parts of different shapes.
6. Bath games are also becoming more diverse. A child can catch small toys and put them in a bowl, pour water from one container to another, etc. All these seemingly simple activities require great concentration and dexterity from the crumbs.
7. The child can already be alone for a long time, being carried away by his games. But still, you can’t leave the baby unattended - not only for security reasons. You must be there to teach the child new ways to interact with the environment and direct activities.
8. Toddlers become interested in playing in the sandbox by the year. If it’s not summer in the yard, you can arrange such classes at home - with sand or semolina. The baby is unlikely to be able to turn over the little ones, but it is quite possible for him to fill them with handles. For such games, you can cover the floor with oilcloth or deal with loose material at the table.

As you can see, in order to develop a baby’s motor skills, it’s not at all necessary to purchase expensive specialized toys, you always have everything you need to work with your baby at home. Daily exercises, your care and love will help the child learn to control his hands and fingers, as well as have a beneficial effect on the speech center.

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand"

Author: Drankova Elena Alexandrovna, teacher of additional education
Place of work: MAU DO "TsDOD "Raduga" city of Perm

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand" for children 7-8 years old

Purpose: creation of a methodological manual for the development of fine motor skills of the hand for younger students.
This development is necessary for teachers, parents for gymnastics for fingers. It contains a brief description different types finger games and exercises to develop fine motor skills of the hand.

annotation
In the general system comprehensive development The upbringing of a child occupies an important place. From to school age, the foundations of health, physical and mental development are laid, motor and labor skills are formed, speech and motor skills of the hand develop.
In class at primary school the child must have certain manual skills, but not all children have well-developed fine hand movements.
A teacher often faces a problem: how to develop hand motor skills? Therefore, I have selected and tested on children of primary school age a set of exercises and finger games. All these games help to make the most efficient use of class time, and make children want to effectively engage in manual labor and drawing.
It should be noted that the proposed methodological development finger games belong to health-saving technologies included in the list of modern educational technologies. Finger games and exercises for the development of motor skills help to increase the functional activity of the brain, stimulate speech, have a positive effect on the mental development of children, relieve mental stress and help with manual labor. It is very valuable that finger games contribute to the education of students lower grades positive character traits: speed of reaction, manual dexterity, attentiveness, imagination, diligence. As a result of the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing and manual labor skills.

Introduction
Fine motor skills are the ability to perform small movements with fingers and hands through the coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. Fine motor skills begin to develop naturally from infancy. With age, motor skills become more varied and complex. The proportion of actions that require coordinated movements of both hands is increasing.
Why is it so important to develop fine motor skills in a child's hands? The motor centers of speech in the cerebral cortex are located next to the motor centers of the fingers, therefore, by developing speech and stimulating the motor skills of the fingers, we transmit impulses to the speech centers, which activates speech, general development child and influences intellectual ability. Science has proven that one of the indicators of normal physical and nervous mental development the child is the development of the hand, manual skills, or, as they say, fine motor skills.
Fine motor skills are a type of movement that involves small muscles. Classes for the development of fine motor skills of the hand are developing, health-saving and healing.
The influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC in China. Experts argued that games involving hands and fingers lead to a harmonious relationship between the body and mind, maintain brain systems in excellent condition.
Neutrobiologists and psychologists involved in the study of the brain and mental development of children have long proved the connection between hand motor skills and speech development.
Japanese doctor Namikoshi Tokujiro created a healing technique for influencing the hands. He argued that the fingers are endowed with a large number of receptors that send impulses to the human central nervous system.
Oriental doctors have established that massage thumb increases the functional activity of the brain, massage of the index finger has a positive effect on the condition of the stomach, the middle finger on the intestines, the ring finger on the liver and kidneys, and the little finger on the heart.
In Japan, palm and finger exercises with walnuts are widely used. An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
In China, palm exercises with stone and metal balls are common. The popularity of classes is explained by their healing and tonic effect on the body. Regular exercises with balls improve memory, mental abilities of the child, eliminate his emotional stress, improve the activity of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, develop coordination of movements, strength and manual dexterity, maintain vitality.
Studies by domestic physiologists also confirm the connection between the development of hands and the development of the brain. The works of V. M. Bekhterov confirm the influence of hand manipulation on the functions of higher nervous activity, the development of speech. Simple hand movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve fatigue. They are able to improve the pronunciation of many sounds, and therefore - to develop the speech of the child. The study of M. M. Koltsov proved that each finger of the hand has a fairly extensive representation in the cerebral cortex. This fact should be used in work with children and where the development of speech occurs in a timely manner, and especially where there is a lag, a delay in the motor side of speech.

There are a wide variety of forms of training for the development of finger movement.
1. Static images with fingers of objects, images of the world around: figures from fingers "flag", "flower";
2. Active movements of the fingers in the rhythm of the text accompanying the game in poetic form: “fist-fist”, “patties-palms”;
3. Movement of fingers with objects: pencil, nuts, sticks, small ball, cords, rubber rings, clothespins and other objects;
4. Ira with mosaic;
5. Modeling with plasticine, salt dough, clay;
6. Paper work: torn appliqué, paper folding, cutting and pasting, origami;
7. Games with cereals, seeds: pouring cereals from one container to another, parsing different types of cereals, laying out images from cereals;
8. Actions with water: pouring water from one container to another;
9. Actions with sand: pouring sand, molding from wet sand;
10. Actions with small toys;
11. Actions with buttons: fastening, unbuttoning;
12. Action with ropes: tying and untying knots, with a bow;
13. Drawing on paper in different techniques: traditional ways and non-traditional ways;
14. Display of the finger theater;
15. Lego construction.

What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?
1. Performing exercises and rhythmic finger movements inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of the speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.
2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach to listen and understand the meaning of speech, increase the child's speech activity.
3. The child learns to concentrate his attention and distribute it correctly.
4. If the child performs the exercises, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become more clear, rhythmic, and vivid.
5. The child's memory develops as he learns to memorize. After all, in finger games you need to remember a lot: the position of the fingers, and the sequence of movements, and just poetry.
6. As a result of mastering all the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing.
7. Contribute to the development of creative activity. After all, you can “tell” whole stories with your hands!
8. Finger games help to form elementary mathematical representations in the game
9. Training the movements of the fingers and hands increases the efficiency of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child's thinking.
10. Motility of the hand is activated. Thus, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements. Fingers and hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.

Instructions for performing exercises for the development of motor skills of the hand.
At first, all exercises are performed slowly. It is necessary to ensure that the child correctly reproduces and holds the position of the hand or fingers and correctly switches from one movement to another.
If necessary, you need to help the child or teach him to help himself with his other hand.
Exercises are practiced first with one hand (if the participation of both hands is not provided), then with the other hand, after that - with both hands at the same time.
If the exercises are shown in the picture, then to create a visual image, you need to show the child a drawing and explain how the exercises are performed. Gradually, the need for explanation disappears.
When developing motor skills of the hands, one must not forget that the child has two hands. Exercises must be duplicated: perform both with the right hand and with the left. By developing the right hand, we stimulate the development of the left hemisphere of the brain. Conversely, developing left hand, we stimulate the development of the right hemisphere.
Finger training should start from the very beginning. early childhood. Children who have better developed small, subtle hand movements have a more developed brain, especially those parts of it that are responsible for speech. In other words, the better the child's fingers are developed, the easier it will be for him to master speech.

Main part.

Types of games and exercises for the development of hand motor skills:
Physical exercises
Fine motor skills of the hands are also developed by physical exercises. These are various hangings and climbing (along the stairs, at the sports complex). Such exercises strengthen the palms and fingers, develop muscles.
walnut exercises
You can widely use exercises for the palms and fingers with walnuts.
Rolling between the palms of a hex pencil
An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
ball games
In corrective practice, you can use the ball - which is an excellent tool. Their choice is quite wide: there are balls for sale various colors, size, quality, for every taste. Ball games develop fine and general motor skills, orientation in space, distract the child's attention from a speech defect, encourage communication, regulate the strength and accuracy of movement. They help to normalize the emotional-volitional sphere, which is especially important for hyperexcitable children. By developing muscle strength, they strengthen the work of the most important organs of the lungs, heart, and improve metabolism.

Complex of ball games "Warm-up"
I squeeze the ball hard
And I'll change my hand

Hello my favorite ball! -
Every finger will say in the morning

Dance knows how to dance
On the ball my every finger

I'll turn, and you check-
Top right now!

I knead the ball with my finger,
I drive the ball along the fingers.

I will play football
And I'll score a goal in the palm of my hand.

Top left, bottom right
I ride it - bravo.

Spiral.
Doesn't crawl or run
She circles over the flower.
For a coil comes a coil -
So she sat down on a flower.

Paper activities
Applique, origami, and design classes develop fine motor skills of the fingers.
Origami is a type of activity in which both hands are involved. That is why folding is a useful activity that contributes to the activity of both the left and right hemispheres of the brain, since two hands are involved in the work at once. Classes develop attention, memory, imagination, ingenuity. All these mental features are inextricably linked and depend on the activity of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. The function of the right hemisphere of the brain is associated with imagination, musical and artistic ability, and the left hemisphere is associated with logical thinking, speech, counting, scientific abilities. The plasticity of the child's brain and the minimal dominance of one hemisphere over the other is a very fertile ground for the development of both halves of the brain.
Doctors say that origami classes deeply affect the mental state of the child and bring him into balance. Anxiety is reduced in children practicing this art, which allows them to adapt to various difficult situations.
Classes with paper develop the child's skills in working with different materials, tools; bring up perseverance, accuracy, attentiveness, creativity, imagination, fantasy, spatial thinking, expand horizons, cognitive abilities.
Classes with plasticine, clay, salt dough.
Modeling classes develop motor skills in children. Students learn different techniques and methods of clay modeling, salt dough, plasticine Dymkovo toys, dishes, animals, birds.
It is very valuable that modeling classes contribute to the education of elementary school students in the speed of reaction, manual dexterity, attentiveness, imagination, diligence, accuracy, perseverance. As a result of the manufacture of toys, the hands and fingers acquire strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate the mastery of writing and manual skills at school.
Finger games.
Finger games are exercises for fingers and pens, staging with their help any poems, stories, fairy tales. Finger games are an important part of the development of fine motor skills of the hands. These games are very emotional, exciting for children, and also extremely useful for their overall development.
In the oral speech of any nation, one can find short poems that are accompanied by finger movements, for example, the well-known "Magpie - Crow ...". The games “Ladushki”, “Horned Goat” were created by the talent of our folk pedagogy. It is recommended to stimulate speech development children by training the movement of the fingers, using folk games - nursery rhymes for children preschool age, and children for primary school age finger games with poems:

Days of the week
On Monday I washed, (fists three against each other)
I swept the floor on Tuesday. (hands of relaxed hands down and imitating movements on the table)
On Wednesday I baked kalach, (we bake "pies")
All Thursday I was looking for the ball, (we bring our right hand to our forehead and make a "visor")
I washed the cups on Friday, (the fingers of the left hand are half-bent, the palm is on the edge, and index finger right hand we drive in a circle inside the left hand)
I bought a cake on Saturday. (palms open and joined together on the side of the little fingers)
All girlfriends on Sunday
Called for a birthday. (waving palms towards you)

Winter
One, two, three, four, five, (bend fingers one at a time)
We went for a walk in the yard.
They sculpted a snow woman, (we imitate the modeling of lumps),
They fed the birds with crumbs, ("crush bread" with all fingers)
Then we rode down the hill, (we run the palm of our right hand along the palm of our left hand)
And they rolled in the snow. (we put our palms on the table with one or the other side)
Everyone came home in the snow, (we shake our hands)
We ate soup and went to bed. (we make movements with an imaginary spoon, put our hands under the cheek)

Orange
We shared an orange! (hands are clasped in the lock, we shake)
There are many of us (we spread our fingers)
And he is alone. (show only one finger)
This slice is for a hedgehog, (fingers are folded into a fist, we bend one finger at a time)
This slice is for a swift, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for ducklings, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for kittens, (bend the next finger)
This slice is for the beaver, (bend the next finger)
And for the wolf peel! (palms down, fingers outstretched)
He's angry with us, trouble! (wiggle finger)
Run away whoever! (simulate running fingers on the table)

Cake
We remember the dough with handles, (squeeze-unclench fingers)
Let's bake a sweet cake. (as if kneading dough)
Lubricate the middle with jam, (circular movements of the palms on the table)
And the top - with sweet cream (circular movements of the palms of each other)
And coconut crumbs
We will sprinkle the cake a little (sprinkle the "crumbs" with the fingers of both hands)
And then we'll make tea -
Invite a friend to visit! (one hand shakes the other)

Maple
The wind quietly shakes the maple, (fingers are spread out and stretch up)
Tilts to the right, to the left: (we shake our palms to the right and to the left)
One - tilt and two - tilt, (tilt left - right palms low-low)
The maple rustled with leaves. (wiggle fingers)
ship
A boat is sailing on the river
He swims from afar, (fold your hands like a boat and make wave-like movements)
Four on the boat
A very brave sailor. (show 4 fingers raised up)
They have ears on top of their head, (raise hands to head, show ears with bent palms)
They have long tails, (we put our hand to the lower back, we depict movements with the tail)
But only cats are afraid of them,
Only cats and cats. (we raise both hands to the head, depict cat claws and hiss)

Lock
There is a lock on the door (hands in the lock)
Who could open it? (pull fingers without opening)
Pulled, (pulled)
Twisted, (rotate hands)
Knocked (knocking with the base of the palms)
And - opened! (hands open)

Cabbage
We chop cabbage, chop (we chop with our palms)
We three cabbage, three (fists rub each other)
We salt the cabbage, salt (salt with a pinch)
We mash cabbage, mash (we squeeze and unclench our fingers)
Put it in a jar and try it.

Kitty
I walked alone along the path, (show one finger)
My two legs went with me (shows two fingers)
Suddenly three mice meet, (show three fingers)
Oh, we saw a kitten! (claps his hands on his cheeks and, as it were, shakes his head with his hands)
He has four paws (show four fingers)
There are sharp scratches on the paws, (we scratch the surface of what is at hand with our nails)
One, two, three, four, five (for each count we show the corresponding number of fingers)
You need to run fast! (two fingers, index and middle, run along the surface)

Leaves
One, two, three, four, five -
Let's collect the leaves. They clench and unclench their fists.
Birch leaves, Bend the thumb.
Rowan leaves, Bend the index finger.
Poplar leaves, Bend the middle finger.
Aspen leaves, Bend the ring finger.
We will collect oak leaves, Bend the little finger.
Mom autumn bouquet we will attribute. They clench and unclench their fists.

Visit
On a visit to the thumb
Came straight to the house Alternately connect all the fingers
Index and middle finger, with thumb.
The nameless and last little finger taps on the thumb.
Little finger itself
Knocked on the threshold.
Together, fingers are friends, Collect fingers into a pinch.
They cannot live without each other.
Bibliography
1. T.A. Dateshidze "The system of correctional work with children with delayed speech development" - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2004.
2. O.N. Gromova T.A. Prokopenko "Games - fun for the development of fine motor skills of the hand" Educational and practical guide Publisher: "Gnome and D", Moscow, 2001
3. L.P. Savina "Finger gymnastics" Manual for parents and teachers Publishing house: "Rodnichok", Moscow 2000
4. Shcherbakova T.N. "Finger Games" Publisher: "Karapuz", 1998

The development of fine motor skills is an important process in the development of a child. It influences proper development speech, better development logical thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly engage with the child and devote enough time to classes.

Consider the main stages in the development of fine motor skills.

Up to 1 month the child develops the function of grasping. If you put your finger in the baby's palm, he will squeeze it tightly.

2 months. The kid can hold the object enclosed in the handle for two to three seconds.

3 months. The kid pulls pens into his mouth, can hold objects for up to ten seconds. He swings his arms, but still cannot visually control his movements.

4 months. The kid holds the object enclosed in the handle for up to 20 seconds. The baby's palms are open, he interlaces his fingers, feels his hands, reaches for objects and clings to them.

5 months. The baby can take a rattle from the hands of the mother (or another adult). She stretches out her hands to her mother, to close objects. Rhythmically waving the arms, the baby makes sounds.

6-7 months. The kid is waving a toy in his pen. Can transfer an item from one hand to the other.

8-9 months. If you try to take a toy away from a child, he will squeeze it tightly. The baby takes large objects with the palm of his hand, and small objects with two fingers. Waving goodbye. Shows the nose, eyes, mouth of the doll.

9 months. The child performs various actions with objects. He presses buttons, rolls cars, opens lids, likes to get things out of boxes.

10-11 months. The kid removes the rings from the pyramid, opens and closes the box, can insert a stick into the hole. Tries to perform the same actions that adults perform with objects.

12 months. The child independently holds the mug, rides a tolokar, feeds and lulls the doll, plays games with liners.

The development of the fingers of babies should be dealt with from birth.

Doing a massage:

From the fist to the shoulder, stroke the child's arms, stroke the fingers from the tips to the palm;

Gently pressing on the fingertips, massage them;

Use your index finger to massage your baby's hands. in a circular motion;

With each finger, make circular movements in different directions.

When the baby turns 3 months, he will feel everything with interest. Put small balls in your baby's hands. Let's feel the patches of different materials. You can sew bags and fill them with cereals, in each bag there are cereals of different sizes. Hang toys over your baby's chest and encourage him to grasp.

4-5 month old babies you need to learn to take a toy from the hands of an adult. Help the child reach the leg with his hand. Larger balls are used for massage. We clamp the ball between the palms of the baby and twist.

Baby is 6 months old. Encourage him to throw toys, knock them, throw and shift. Massage the hands, each finger and knuckle.

7 months show the kids how to hit the pan with a spoon, how to push the ball, how to get items out of the box. We massage the palm by rolling the walnut in circular motions.

8-10 months. We play with the child "Ladushki", "There is a horned goat", "Magpie - Belobok". We use toys that squeak. Show your child how to open and close the box, how to roll the car, how to remove the rings from the pyramid.

From 10-12 months teach your child to hold a spoon, a mug. Start learning to draw. Show the child how to feed the doll, how to rock it. Assemble the pyramid, stack one cube on top of another.

Ekaterina Rakitina

Dr. Dietrich Bonhoeffer Klinikum, Germany

Reading time: 8 minutes

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Article last updated: 03/29/2019

The human brain is a complex system of the body that sends signals to action. The centers responsible for speech and the movement of the fingers are in close proximity to each other. Thus, the development of fine motor skills in children stimulates the speech zone, and also helps to control their actions with the help of vision.

Fine motor skills are the coordination and control of the movement of the fingers or the entire hand by different systems of the body: nervous, bone, muscle, visual.

The sooner loving parents begin to stimulate the motor skills of the hands, the faster the development of the crumbs will take place. A little man comes to our vast world without any knowledge and skills. Even the movements of his fingers he makes unconsciously, the muscles of the child are weak and undeveloped.

One of the primary tasks of parents is to help their baby get comfortable, to form the necessary skills:

• development of memory and speech;
• learning to draw and write;
• formation of logical thinking;
• development of dexterity;
• expanding horizons;
• development of imagination and fantasy;
• preparation for manual skills.

How to develop motor skills in children up to a year

There is an opinion that crumbs up to a year do not need to develop motor skills of the fingers. But we should not forget that the newborn seeks to know the world, which gradually expands around it.

By three months, the child develops a grasping reflex. First, he reaches out with his whole hand to a bright spot, then he begins to grab and squeeze everything that comes across with his fingers.

What can parents do to develop fine motor skills in a child up to a year old?

1. Every day, perform a gentle massage of the fingers and palms. When feeding, gently stroke the clenched fists, gently unclenching each finger. A baby up to a year remembers emotions well - positive and negative, so a pleasant stroke will have a calming effect on him.
2. Newborns always try to grab onto the outstretched fingers, after a while, feeling their strength, they will be able to rise with the help of their parents and rely only on their fingers.
3. When the child has enough strength to hold the toy, it is necessary to purchase a rattle with a wavy surface, which will become the first assistant in the development of fine motor skills.
4. Children up to a year really like the rustle of paper. Show that newspaper sheets and napkins can be twisted, wrinkled, and torn.
5. Six-month-old children can already buy cubes, a large designer, a pyramid. While playing, babies develop their fingers.
6. For a baby from 6-7 months to a year, all items in the kitchen are of great interest. Let him play under your supervision with beans, pasta, laying out and pouring them into different bowls, plates and saucepans.

Important! Do not leave your child alone with paper and small items. Babies love to taste everything.

Game and development of fine motor skills in children

A little man cannot be forced to do something. The result will be one - tears and whims.

Remember! Only with the help of games do we develop fine motor skills in children and thereby contribute to the expansion of their horizons.

Gymnastics for little fingers

It is very important to develop the flexibility of the fingers, as soon the baby will have to master writing skills. Flexibility will also help to form neat and legible handwriting.

The staging of small rhymes and fairy tales will not only contribute to the development of motor skills of the hands, but also to memorization, and will also teach the child to fantasize. A simple nursery rhyme about a staggering bull can eventually be turned into a whole performance with the addition of words and small theatrical props. For example:

• add different intonation - sad or comedic;
• draw eyes, nose, mouth, hooves on the fingers;
• build a swinging bridge.

The game will allow the child to navigate where they are: up, down, right, left.

Watch the time! Do not tire the child, especially if he is not yet a year old. It is better to stop the game after 3-4 minutes than to try to keep your attention.

Best suited for older children who already distinguish objects from each other and know their properties. You can offer the child to touch, with his eyes closed, determine what it is.

Buttons, beads, pebbles, nuts - all these items can be shifted, poured.

Beads and buttons can be strung on a thread, and from seeds and cereals - lay out pictures on the table.

Sand

All children love to build sand figures. It is not necessary to sit outside in the sandbox, collect sand in a bucket, rinse it. For a child, it will be a fascinating activity - the search for small items hidden in a box of sand. This lesson will bring undoubted benefits for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Invite your fingers to draw a simple pattern or letters on the sand surface.

Read also:

Show that paper can not only be crushed and torn into small pieces, but pieces can be torn out, which are then glued to another sheet of paper, making up a pattern.

Explain to the kid the rules for using scissors, trust him to cut something.

Do not leave your child alone with sharp objects. If the baby starts to indulge - take the scissors from him, calmly explain the reason, do not succumb to tears.

modeling

All kids love to sculpt. Modeling material - dough, plasticine, clay.

If you are afraid that plasticine and clay will go into your mouth, then the dough will be the most excellent material for the first figures. If you yourself prepare the dough for dumplings or cookies, then even a crumb a little over a year old will be able to mold a bun or a small sausage. Teach your baby how to use a small plastic dough knife, and the modeling process will become more entertaining. With older children, you can assemble more complex compositions from clay and plasticine.

Lacing

There are many different games using lacing. But much more interesting - there will be a hand-made toy, for example, from a box from a set of sweets. Pull the laces (ribbon) in turn through the randomly located holes, creating a cobweb for the spider.

screwing

Children will be happy to twist and unscrew the corks of bottles and jars. Arrange competitions.